<p>Rangeland degradation is a major ecological problem in Central Asia, where extensive pasture systems support biodiversity, livestock production, and rural livelihoods. This study presents a systematic review of research on ecological monitoring of rangeland degradation in the region, focusing on satellite-based methods and field observations. Publications from 1990 to 2026 were screened using a structured review process, and 44 studies were included in the final analysis. The reviewed studies show that satellite-based methods are used more frequently because they allow monitoring over large areas, while field studies usually provide more detailed ecological information but cover smaller territories. A major contribution of this review is the combined analysis of regional patterns and monitoring methodologies used across Central Asia. The review analyzes monitoring practices across Central Asia and discusses the advantages and limitations of existing approaches. The review shows that the most reliable assessments are produced when satellite observations are supported by field data on vegetation, biomass, and soil condition. The reviewed studies report different degradation patterns depending on ecological conditions, observation periods, and research methods. In most cases, degradation is associated with both climatic factors and human activities. At the same time, such integrated approaches are still not widely applied, and research remains concentrated in a few countries, especially Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Considerable gaps persist in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. Overall, the reviewed literature shows the importance of developing more unified monitoring approaches that integrate satellite observations with field-based ecological data in different parts of Central Asia.</p>