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<p>The handmade paper industry (HMPI) is widely regarded as an environmentally sustainable rural enterprise; however, its effluents may contain complex mixtures of organic and inorganic contaminants. This study presents a field-based assessment of effluent quality from HMPI clusters in Jaipur, Dausa, and Bassi, Rajasthan, India, using physicochemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and multivariate statistical tools. Effluents showed wide variation in pH (6.7–12.1), electrical conductivity (8–42 mS cm⁻<sup>1</sup>), and biochemical oxygen demand (3.4–210&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>), indicating substantial organic loading. ICP–MS analysis revealed measurable concentrations of Pb, Cr, Zn, and Ni, while GC–MS profiling identified over 70 organic compounds, including phthalates, aromatic ketones, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles associated with dyeing and bleaching processes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated site-specific contamination patterns and common pollutant signatures across units. The findings indicate inadequate effluent treatment and potential ecological risks. Overall, the study highlights the need for decentralised monitoring and low-cost remediation strategies, and provides a basis for future development of sustainable treatment approaches for handmade paper industry clusters.</p> Graphical Abstract <p> Field-sampling and multi-technique analytical workflow for handmade paper industry (HMPI) effluents from seven untreated sites across Jaipur and Dausa districts, Rajasthan, India. Physicochemical, ICP–MS (Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni) and GC–MS (~70 organic compounds) data, interpreted by PCA/HCA, reveal site-specific metal–organic co-contamination and physicochemical exceedance of CPCB discharge limits.</p> <p></p>

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Assessment of organic and inorganic contaminants in handmade paper industry effluents from Rajasthan, India: a field-based physicochemical, ICP-MS, and GC–MS investigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Om Prakash,
  • Rahul Mishra,
  • Devyani Srivastava,
  • Anju Patel,
  • Poonam C. Singh

摘要

The handmade paper industry (HMPI) is widely regarded as an environmentally sustainable rural enterprise; however, its effluents may contain complex mixtures of organic and inorganic contaminants. This study presents a field-based assessment of effluent quality from HMPI clusters in Jaipur, Dausa, and Bassi, Rajasthan, India, using physicochemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and multivariate statistical tools. Effluents showed wide variation in pH (6.7–12.1), electrical conductivity (8–42 mS cm⁻1), and biochemical oxygen demand (3.4–210 mg L⁻1), indicating substantial organic loading. ICP–MS analysis revealed measurable concentrations of Pb, Cr, Zn, and Ni, while GC–MS profiling identified over 70 organic compounds, including phthalates, aromatic ketones, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles associated with dyeing and bleaching processes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated site-specific contamination patterns and common pollutant signatures across units. The findings indicate inadequate effluent treatment and potential ecological risks. Overall, the study highlights the need for decentralised monitoring and low-cost remediation strategies, and provides a basis for future development of sustainable treatment approaches for handmade paper industry clusters.

Graphical Abstract

Field-sampling and multi-technique analytical workflow for handmade paper industry (HMPI) effluents from seven untreated sites across Jaipur and Dausa districts, Rajasthan, India. Physicochemical, ICP–MS (Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni) and GC–MS (~70 organic compounds) data, interpreted by PCA/HCA, reveal site-specific metal–organic co-contamination and physicochemical exceedance of CPCB discharge limits.