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<p>Rapid industrial expansion in emerging urban districts is increasingly transforming land systems and modifying local thermal regimes, yet long-term assessments from secondary industrial hubs remain limited. This study evaluates three decades (1993–2023) of land use/land cover (LULC) change and associated land surface temperature (LST) dynamics in Jharsuguda district, eastern India, using multi-temporal Landsat imagery integrated with GIS-based analysis. Six LULC classes were delineated using maximum likelihood supervised classification and validated with ground control points and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), yielding overall classification accuracies exceeding 91% (kappa &gt; 0.90). Substantial forest decline was observed, with very dense forest decreasing by 65.47%, moderately dense forest by 26.37%, and open forest by 64.54%. In contrast, built-up area expanded by 317.87%, while non-forest land increased by 21.01%, reflecting accelerated industrialization and urban growth. Concurrently, the pre-monsoon LST range widened from 7–37 °C in 1993 to 16–52 °C in 2023. The proportion of land exceeding 40°C in April increased dramatically from 0 to 59%, indicating intensification of the urban heat island effect. Correlation and random forest analyses demonstrate that forested landscapes exert a significant cooling influence, whereas built-up and non-forest surfaces consistently elevate LST, with seasonal variability in their relative importance. The findings highlight a strong spatial-temporal linkage between industrial expansion, forest degradation, and surface warming. This study provides critical evidence to inform climate-responsive land-use planning, emphasizing urban greening, forest conservation, and nature-based solutions to mitigate heat stress and strengthen regional climate adaptation strategies.</p>

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Assessing the climatic effects of landscape transformation through long-term temperature trends in an industrial region of eastern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Abinash Mansingh,
  • Antaryami Pradhan,
  • Jadhav Sudarshan Gopinath,
  • Mousumi Rout,
  • Bibhu Prasad Panda,
  • Nirius Jenan Ekka

摘要

Rapid industrial expansion in emerging urban districts is increasingly transforming land systems and modifying local thermal regimes, yet long-term assessments from secondary industrial hubs remain limited. This study evaluates three decades (1993–2023) of land use/land cover (LULC) change and associated land surface temperature (LST) dynamics in Jharsuguda district, eastern India, using multi-temporal Landsat imagery integrated with GIS-based analysis. Six LULC classes were delineated using maximum likelihood supervised classification and validated with ground control points and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), yielding overall classification accuracies exceeding 91% (kappa > 0.90). Substantial forest decline was observed, with very dense forest decreasing by 65.47%, moderately dense forest by 26.37%, and open forest by 64.54%. In contrast, built-up area expanded by 317.87%, while non-forest land increased by 21.01%, reflecting accelerated industrialization and urban growth. Concurrently, the pre-monsoon LST range widened from 7–37 °C in 1993 to 16–52 °C in 2023. The proportion of land exceeding 40°C in April increased dramatically from 0 to 59%, indicating intensification of the urban heat island effect. Correlation and random forest analyses demonstrate that forested landscapes exert a significant cooling influence, whereas built-up and non-forest surfaces consistently elevate LST, with seasonal variability in their relative importance. The findings highlight a strong spatial-temporal linkage between industrial expansion, forest degradation, and surface warming. This study provides critical evidence to inform climate-responsive land-use planning, emphasizing urban greening, forest conservation, and nature-based solutions to mitigate heat stress and strengthen regional climate adaptation strategies.