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<p>Trace metal contamination in coastal lagoons of the Gulf of California (GC) represents a significant environmental and public health concern due to the persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulative behavior of these elements in aquatic organisms. Among trace metals, mercury (Hg) is particularly hazardous because of its neurotoxicity and high biomagnification potential, whereas selenium (Se) may mitigate Hg toxicity through antagonistic biochemical interactions. This study evaluated total Hg and Se concentrations in different tissues of the clam <i>Larkinia grandis</i>, determined the Se/Hg molar ratio, and assessed potential human health risks associated with its consumption in Navachiste Lagoon (southeastern GC). Forty specimens were collected every 2&#xa0;months between August 2017 and June 2018 (<i>n</i> = 240). Average Hg concentrations (µg g⁻<sup>1</sup> wet weight) followed the accumulation pattern: digestive gland (0.12 ± 0.02) ≥ gills (0.11 ± 0.01) &gt; mantle (0.08 ± 0.01) &gt; gonad (0.04 ± 0.01) ≥ muscle (0.03 ± 0.01), with all values below the maximum permissible limit (MPL &lt; 1.0&#xa0;µg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> Hg). For Se, mean concentrations were highest in the digestive gland (1.67 ± 0.33), followed by gills (1.29 ± 0.20), mantle (0.90 ± 0.22), muscle (0.86 ± 0.19), and gonad (0.47 ± 0.17). The Se/Hg molar ratio ranged from 16.31 (mantle) to 115.68 (muscle), recorded in February 2018 and August 2017, respectively. The selenium health benefit index yielded positive values greater than 1 in all cases. In addition, the target hazard quotient for Hg (&lt; 1.0) indicates that consumption of <i>L. grandis</i> poses a low risk to human health. These results provide baseline toxicological reference data for this arcid clam species in the southeastern GC.</p>

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The clam Larkinia grandis as a potential biomonitor of mercury and selenium in the southeastern Gulf of California: molar ratio and potential risk to human health

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Carlos Humberto Sepúlveda,
  • Maria Isabel Sotelo-Gonzalez,
  • Magdalena Elizabeth Bergés-Tiznado,
  • Carmen Cristina Osuna-Martínez,
  • Andrés Martín Góngora-Gómez,
  • Manuel García-Ulloa

摘要

Trace metal contamination in coastal lagoons of the Gulf of California (GC) represents a significant environmental and public health concern due to the persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulative behavior of these elements in aquatic organisms. Among trace metals, mercury (Hg) is particularly hazardous because of its neurotoxicity and high biomagnification potential, whereas selenium (Se) may mitigate Hg toxicity through antagonistic biochemical interactions. This study evaluated total Hg and Se concentrations in different tissues of the clam Larkinia grandis, determined the Se/Hg molar ratio, and assessed potential human health risks associated with its consumption in Navachiste Lagoon (southeastern GC). Forty specimens were collected every 2 months between August 2017 and June 2018 (n = 240). Average Hg concentrations (µg g⁻1 wet weight) followed the accumulation pattern: digestive gland (0.12 ± 0.02) ≥ gills (0.11 ± 0.01) > mantle (0.08 ± 0.01) > gonad (0.04 ± 0.01) ≥ muscle (0.03 ± 0.01), with all values below the maximum permissible limit (MPL < 1.0 µg g⁻1 Hg). For Se, mean concentrations were highest in the digestive gland (1.67 ± 0.33), followed by gills (1.29 ± 0.20), mantle (0.90 ± 0.22), muscle (0.86 ± 0.19), and gonad (0.47 ± 0.17). The Se/Hg molar ratio ranged from 16.31 (mantle) to 115.68 (muscle), recorded in February 2018 and August 2017, respectively. The selenium health benefit index yielded positive values greater than 1 in all cases. In addition, the target hazard quotient for Hg (< 1.0) indicates that consumption of L. grandis poses a low risk to human health. These results provide baseline toxicological reference data for this arcid clam species in the southeastern GC.