<p>Cities are hubs of better opportunities and higher standards of living. In developing countries, cities are characterized by rapid urbanization, sprawl, and rising population densities. In the erstwhile Garden City and rapidly growing Silicon Valley of India, the concrete chaos has resulted in high levels of air pollution. While there is no clear consensus on the impact of green and blue spaces on air quality in cities, this study used satellite data to explore the causal link between green-blue spaces and air quality amidst increasing built-up density in the Bengaluru city of India. The study used aerosol, particulate matter, and black carbon levels as pollution indicators and methods such as buffer analysis, a fixed effects panel regression model (2001–2024), a moderating effects model, and spatial autocorrelation of pollution. Tree canopies with an area greater than 2 km² had better air quality in their vicinity, while blue spaces did not offer such benefits. The density of healthy vegetation within small administrative units of a highly populated tropical city was found to improve its air quality in terms of lower aerosol and particulate matter concentrations. Green spaces introduced in densely built-up areas significantly lowered particulate matter levels. Blue spaces worsened air quality. Affluent wards enjoyed the mitigating effects of green space, while wards with informal settlements did not. Well-planned urban green spaces with significant tree density, size, and undergrowth integrated into urban built-up spaces can be a vital strategy to mitigate air pollution in inevitably urbanizing cities like Bengaluru.</p>