A starting point for using bacterial genera as biomarkers to monitor the health of the marine environment
摘要
The changes triggered by human activities in marine environments entail the enrichment of harmful microorganisms and may contribute to the translocation of pathogens between wildlife and humans, thus increasing potential health risks. Therefore, comprehensive biomonitoring of marine-environmental health is fundamental for mitigating impacts on both marine biodiversity and public health. Here, we review the catalog of bacterial genera potentially related to diseases in marine organisms (BGPRDs) as a tool for effective biomonitoring of marine health. These bacteria serve not only as indicators of environmental imbalance but also as markers of susceptibility to disease across multiple marine phyla. The catalog is composed of bacteria described as etiological agents of diseases in specific or nonspecific hosts for eight phyla of marine organisms (Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Heterokontophyta, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata). The abundance and distribution of BGPRDs can indicate (i) disturbances in marine-environmental health, (ii) the probability of interactions between pathogens and their hosts, and (iii) more susceptible marine organisms based on the abundance of their potential pathogens.