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<p>This study evaluated contamination by ten heavy metals (Mo, Hg, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Ni, Mn) in soils from an abandoned paint factory in Kaifeng City. Pollution levels were assessed using multiple indices, including the single-factor index, geo-accumulation index, Nemerow index, and potential ecological risk index. Source apportionment was performed using the absolute principal component score, multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model, and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results revealed significant variation in mercury (Hg) contamination, with a coefficient of variation of 436%, while other heavy metals showed moderate variation (10–35%). Pollution assessment identified Hg and Cu as the primary pollutants, with Hg showing severe contamination (Nemerow index <i>P</i><sub>N</sub> &gt; 3). Source apportionment from both models identified five distinct pollution sources. This study underscored the importance of integrating source apportionment with ecological risk assessment to inform remediation strategies for abandoned industrial sites.</p>

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Source-specific ecological risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils of an abandoned paint factory, Kaifeng City

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Yu-qing Zhang,
  • Meng-xin Zhao,
  • Hao-lin Shi,
  • Lin Wang,
  • Ming Xu

摘要

This study evaluated contamination by ten heavy metals (Mo, Hg, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Ni, Mn) in soils from an abandoned paint factory in Kaifeng City. Pollution levels were assessed using multiple indices, including the single-factor index, geo-accumulation index, Nemerow index, and potential ecological risk index. Source apportionment was performed using the absolute principal component score, multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model, and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results revealed significant variation in mercury (Hg) contamination, with a coefficient of variation of 436%, while other heavy metals showed moderate variation (10–35%). Pollution assessment identified Hg and Cu as the primary pollutants, with Hg showing severe contamination (Nemerow index PN > 3). Source apportionment from both models identified five distinct pollution sources. This study underscored the importance of integrating source apportionment with ecological risk assessment to inform remediation strategies for abandoned industrial sites.