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<p>Soil pollution threatens agricultural sustainability and ecosystem health in southern hilly regions of China. To provide methods for targeted soil management, this study conducted an integrated soil quality assessment across three agricultural land use types (orchard soil (OS), paddy soil (PS), and tea garden soil (TS)) in Anhua County, Hunan Province. A total of 93 topsoil samples were collected, and their physicochemical properties, trace elements, and fluoride (F) contents were analyzed. Pollution levels were quantified using the single-factor pollution index (Pᵢ) and Nemerow pollution index (Pₙ). Ecological risk was evaluated via the comprehensive ecological risk index (RI). Soil quality was assessed using a soil quality index (SQI) derived from a minimum data set (MDS), which was screened via principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed significant specific&#xa0;land use differences in soil properties and contaminant concentrations: (1) pH, available potassium(AK), and available phosphorus(AP) varied markedly across OS, PS, and TS; (2) PS had the highest concentrations of Cd, Pb, and F, with these values exceeding the local soil background levels; (3) The comprehensive ecological risk was moderately high overall, following the order PS &gt; TS &gt; OS, and was primarily driven by Cd and Hg; (4) The MDS-SQI assessment revealed soil quality ranked OS (0.60) &gt; PS (0.53) &gt; TS (0.48), with TS was&#xa0;quality mainly constrained by soil acidification and elevated F content. We evaluated soil quality by integrating soil physicochemical properties, trace elements, and F into SQI. This integrated assessment approach not only supports targeted soil management in Anhua County but also provides a reference&#xa0; for soil quality evaluation in other hilly regions of southern China.</p>

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Assessment of trace elements and fluoride pollution with soil quality evaluation under different land use types in southern hilly region of China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Xin Wang,
  • You Li,
  • Manyun Zhang,
  • Chengwen Shen,
  • Hao Li,
  • Minghan Wang,
  • Zeheng Li,
  • Huaqin Xu

摘要

Soil pollution threatens agricultural sustainability and ecosystem health in southern hilly regions of China. To provide methods for targeted soil management, this study conducted an integrated soil quality assessment across three agricultural land use types (orchard soil (OS), paddy soil (PS), and tea garden soil (TS)) in Anhua County, Hunan Province. A total of 93 topsoil samples were collected, and their physicochemical properties, trace elements, and fluoride (F) contents were analyzed. Pollution levels were quantified using the single-factor pollution index (Pᵢ) and Nemerow pollution index (Pₙ). Ecological risk was evaluated via the comprehensive ecological risk index (RI). Soil quality was assessed using a soil quality index (SQI) derived from a minimum data set (MDS), which was screened via principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed significant specific land use differences in soil properties and contaminant concentrations: (1) pH, available potassium(AK), and available phosphorus(AP) varied markedly across OS, PS, and TS; (2) PS had the highest concentrations of Cd, Pb, and F, with these values exceeding the local soil background levels; (3) The comprehensive ecological risk was moderately high overall, following the order PS > TS > OS, and was primarily driven by Cd and Hg; (4) The MDS-SQI assessment revealed soil quality ranked OS (0.60) > PS (0.53) > TS (0.48), with TS was quality mainly constrained by soil acidification and elevated F content. We evaluated soil quality by integrating soil physicochemical properties, trace elements, and F into SQI. This integrated assessment approach not only supports targeted soil management in Anhua County but also provides a reference  for soil quality evaluation in other hilly regions of southern China.