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<p>Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are increasingly detected in various environmental media and have uncertain ecological outcomes. Despite growing industrial use, comprehensive assessment data on their distribution and behavior remain limited. This study involves assessing the concentrations of several BPs (BPB, BPE, BPF, and BPAF) in the Sitalakhya River, revealing seasonal trends and their distribution patterns. A total of 90 samples (60 water, 30 sediment) were collected during the rainy and winter seasons. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was used to determine the presence and concentration variation of these emerging BP analogues. In the rainy-season water samples, BPF was dominant, ranging from (0.94–5.37) μg/L, followed by BPAF (0.32–1.64) μg/L, BPE (0.46–1.49&#xa0;μg/L, and BPB (0.12–2.36) μg/L, respectively. Samples obtained from water sources in winter also contained BPF as the most abundant (1.98–7.46) μg/L. In the sediment sample, the leading BP was BPAF, ranging from (64.14–224.40) μg/g dw, followed by BPB (22.07–135.16), BPF (9.52–150.62), and BPE (10.42–120.55) μg/g dw, respectively. Water samples showed strong positive correlations among BPs, while sediment samples lacked significant associations. The study provides a comprehensive insight into the presence of these emerging contaminants in the urban river system of Dhaka, highlighting the need for regular monitoring.</p>

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Occurrence, seasonal variation, and spatial distribution of bisphenol analogues (BPs) in surface water and sediment from the Sitalakhya River, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Atkeeya Tasneem,
  • Md. Ahedul Akbor,
  • Nusrat Tabassum Shristy,
  • Nahid Hasan,
  • Md. Mostafizur Rahman

摘要

Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are increasingly detected in various environmental media and have uncertain ecological outcomes. Despite growing industrial use, comprehensive assessment data on their distribution and behavior remain limited. This study involves assessing the concentrations of several BPs (BPB, BPE, BPF, and BPAF) in the Sitalakhya River, revealing seasonal trends and their distribution patterns. A total of 90 samples (60 water, 30 sediment) were collected during the rainy and winter seasons. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was used to determine the presence and concentration variation of these emerging BP analogues. In the rainy-season water samples, BPF was dominant, ranging from (0.94–5.37) μg/L, followed by BPAF (0.32–1.64) μg/L, BPE (0.46–1.49 μg/L, and BPB (0.12–2.36) μg/L, respectively. Samples obtained from water sources in winter also contained BPF as the most abundant (1.98–7.46) μg/L. In the sediment sample, the leading BP was BPAF, ranging from (64.14–224.40) μg/g dw, followed by BPB (22.07–135.16), BPF (9.52–150.62), and BPE (10.42–120.55) μg/g dw, respectively. Water samples showed strong positive correlations among BPs, while sediment samples lacked significant associations. The study provides a comprehensive insight into the presence of these emerging contaminants in the urban river system of Dhaka, highlighting the need for regular monitoring.