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<p>Unplanned urbanization, industrial discharge, and intensive agriculture have intensified downstream water pollution, introducing heavy metals such as lead (Pb) into the food chain. This study evaluated the phytoremediation efficiency of five native tree species—<i>Dalbergia sissoo</i>, <i>Millettia peguensis</i>, <i>Pongamia pinnata</i>, <i>Bauhinia purpurea</i>, and <i>Albizia lebbeck</i>—grown under increasing domestic wastewater (DWW) concentrations. Growth, photosynthetic rate, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline accumulation, Pb uptake, and bioaccumulation were assessed to identify the most tolerant and Pb-remediating species. <i>Dalbergia sissoo</i> exhibited the greatest growth response at 100% DWW, with height and biomass increasing up to 300&#xa0;cm and 270&#xa0;g, respectively, while <i>M. peguensis</i> showed the least growth. Photosynthetic rate declined most in <i>P. pinnata</i> (≈ 40%) and least in <i>M. peguensis</i> (≈ 24%). The highest oxidative stress was observed in <i>B. purpurea</i> (MDA ≈ 6&#xa0;µmol&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> FW), accompanied by increased proline levels across all species. <i>Bauhinia purpurea</i> and <i>D. sissoo</i> showed the greatest Pb accumulation—151 and 148&#xa0;µg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> DW, respectively—and were identified as the most efficient phytoremediators. Overall, <i>B. purpurea</i> acted primarily as a Pb phytoextractor, whereas <i>D. sissoo</i> functioned as a phytostabilizer, highlighting their combined potential for sustainable remediation of Pb-contaminated wastewater.</p>

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Phytoremediation potential of native tree species for lead removal under domestic wastewater irrigation: a nature-based solution for urban water pollution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Amina Kanwal,
  • Muhammad Farhan,
  • Mehmooda Munazir,
  • Hossam S. El-Beltagi,
  • Qaiser Farid Khan,
  • Qamar uz Zaman,
  • Huma Qureshi,
  • Tauseef Anwar,
  • Wajid Zaman,
  • Dilbar Bazarbayeva,
  • Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd,
  • Muneera A. Saleh,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Unplanned urbanization, industrial discharge, and intensive agriculture have intensified downstream water pollution, introducing heavy metals such as lead (Pb) into the food chain. This study evaluated the phytoremediation efficiency of five native tree species—Dalbergia sissoo, Millettia peguensis, Pongamia pinnata, Bauhinia purpurea, and Albizia lebbeck—grown under increasing domestic wastewater (DWW) concentrations. Growth, photosynthetic rate, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline accumulation, Pb uptake, and bioaccumulation were assessed to identify the most tolerant and Pb-remediating species. Dalbergia sissoo exhibited the greatest growth response at 100% DWW, with height and biomass increasing up to 300 cm and 270 g, respectively, while M. peguensis showed the least growth. Photosynthetic rate declined most in P. pinnata (≈ 40%) and least in M. peguensis (≈ 24%). The highest oxidative stress was observed in B. purpurea (MDA ≈ 6 µmol g⁻1 FW), accompanied by increased proline levels across all species. Bauhinia purpurea and D. sissoo showed the greatest Pb accumulation—151 and 148 µg g⁻1 DW, respectively—and were identified as the most efficient phytoremediators. Overall, B. purpurea acted primarily as a Pb phytoextractor, whereas D. sissoo functioned as a phytostabilizer, highlighting their combined potential for sustainable remediation of Pb-contaminated wastewater.