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<p>This study investigates the geochemical characteristics, sources, and ecological risks of the heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As, Cd, Hg) in surface sediments from coastal wetlands in western Guangdong, China. Based on 424 samples, metal concentrations exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, influenced by sediment grain size, hydrodynamics, and anthropogenic inputs. Enrichment factor analysis revealed that Cd, As, and Pb were markedly enriched in localized areas, with the southwestern coast of Hailing Island identified as a significant hotspot showing moderately severe to extremely severe enrichment levels. The Positive Matrix Factorization model attributed the metals to four sources: natural weathering (dominant), agricultural activities, municipal wastewater, and mixed industrial-maritime traffic. Ecological risk assessment using NOAA ERL–ERM and China’s Marine Sediment Quality standards indicated generally low risk across most regions; however, moderate risks associated with As, Cu, and Cr were detected in specific areas including Guanghai Bay and Zhenhai Bay. These findings underscore the necessity of targeted monitoring and pollution control measures in anthropogenically impacted zones to mitigate potential ecological threats.</p>

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Geochemical characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of coastal wetlands in western Guangdong Province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Huayang Gan,
  • Haijun He

摘要

This study investigates the geochemical characteristics, sources, and ecological risks of the heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As, Cd, Hg) in surface sediments from coastal wetlands in western Guangdong, China. Based on 424 samples, metal concentrations exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, influenced by sediment grain size, hydrodynamics, and anthropogenic inputs. Enrichment factor analysis revealed that Cd, As, and Pb were markedly enriched in localized areas, with the southwestern coast of Hailing Island identified as a significant hotspot showing moderately severe to extremely severe enrichment levels. The Positive Matrix Factorization model attributed the metals to four sources: natural weathering (dominant), agricultural activities, municipal wastewater, and mixed industrial-maritime traffic. Ecological risk assessment using NOAA ERL–ERM and China’s Marine Sediment Quality standards indicated generally low risk across most regions; however, moderate risks associated with As, Cu, and Cr were detected in specific areas including Guanghai Bay and Zhenhai Bay. These findings underscore the necessity of targeted monitoring and pollution control measures in anthropogenically impacted zones to mitigate potential ecological threats.