<p>The present study observed the worsening of air quality in Delhi, India, a densely populated megacity where rapid urbanization, transport growth, and shrinking green spaces have intensified pollution. This study examines the impact of vegetation cover and land use and land cover (LULC) patterns on air pollutant concentrations over the city. Notably, the study integrates ground, satellite, and field data to assess the impact of urban greenery on air pollution. Air quality data from four monitoring stations operated by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) were analyzed over 5 consecutive years (2019–2023). These stations represent two areas with abundant vegetation (Mandir Marg and Sri Aurobindo Marg) and two highly urbanized areas (Jahangirpuri and Anand Vihar). Concentrations of major pollutants, including particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ozone (O₃), and carbon monoxide (CO), were analyzed alongside Landsat 8 imagery for LULC classification. Additionally, the Important Value Index (IVI), derived from field sampling of tree species, was used to quantify the significance of vegetation based on species density, frequency, and dominance. Results revealed that PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 41% and 61% higher, and NO₂ and SO₂ were 57% and 55% higher, respectively, in non-vegetated urban areas. Additionally, IVI analysis confirmed that dominant tree species play a key role in enhancing local air quality by influencing pollutant dispersion and absorption. The study highlights the connection between LULC, vegetation, seasonal changes, and air quality, providing insights that can guide policymakers in urban planning, green infrastructure development, and air quality management to build greener, healthier cities and improve public health.</p>