Scholarlink

<p>The exponential rise in urban population, economic development, industrialization, and lifestyle changes has significantly increased hazardous waste generation globally, posing substantial threats to environmental sustainability and public health. Global hazardous waste generation rose from about 256–259 million tons in 2007 to 390–394 million tons by 2015. By 2022, it was estimated at 300–500 million metric tons annually. This review critically analyzes hazardous waste types, impacts, management, and treatment strategies. Hazardous waste can be produced in household, healthcare, agriculture, industry, construction, mining and minerals, and military and nuclear sectors, characterized by toxicity, flammability, corrosiveness, explosiveness, and radioactivity. Improper hazardous waste disposal, especially of materials that contain heavy metals, plastics, organic pollutants, and infectious materials exacerbates biodiversity loss, soil and groundwater contamination, and air pollution. Humans also face health problems such as respiratory illnesses, skin diseases, and cancers. Hazardous waste management that integrates multi-stage approaches, including reduction, reuse, recycling, waste-to-energy, and safe disposal, is instrumental. However, the first priority should be given to waste reduction. Poor infrastructure, limited technical expertise, and lack of enforcement mechanisms are the major challenges to managing hazardous waste effectively in developing countries. Hence, advanced regulatory frameworks, public awareness, and global cooperation are invaluable.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Impacts of hazardous waste and management strategies: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

查看全文
  • Getnet Alemu Desta,
  • Yabsra Melak Sitotie,
  • Michael Girimay Gebremedhine,
  • Esubalew Molla

摘要

The exponential rise in urban population, economic development, industrialization, and lifestyle changes has significantly increased hazardous waste generation globally, posing substantial threats to environmental sustainability and public health. Global hazardous waste generation rose from about 256–259 million tons in 2007 to 390–394 million tons by 2015. By 2022, it was estimated at 300–500 million metric tons annually. This review critically analyzes hazardous waste types, impacts, management, and treatment strategies. Hazardous waste can be produced in household, healthcare, agriculture, industry, construction, mining and minerals, and military and nuclear sectors, characterized by toxicity, flammability, corrosiveness, explosiveness, and radioactivity. Improper hazardous waste disposal, especially of materials that contain heavy metals, plastics, organic pollutants, and infectious materials exacerbates biodiversity loss, soil and groundwater contamination, and air pollution. Humans also face health problems such as respiratory illnesses, skin diseases, and cancers. Hazardous waste management that integrates multi-stage approaches, including reduction, reuse, recycling, waste-to-energy, and safe disposal, is instrumental. However, the first priority should be given to waste reduction. Poor infrastructure, limited technical expertise, and lack of enforcement mechanisms are the major challenges to managing hazardous waste effectively in developing countries. Hence, advanced regulatory frameworks, public awareness, and global cooperation are invaluable.