<p>This study examines the performance of an innovative electroecological system for treating brackish sewage in five cycles with different salinity concentrations. Two systems were designed: a control and electroecological system using a halophytic-constructed wetland (<i>Juncus rigidus</i>, retention time 96&#xa0;h) and an electrolytic cell (graphite electrode, external electric potential of 12&#xa0;V applied for 8&#xa0;h). The system effectively removed pollutants such as salinity (48–61.94%), COD (83.56–87.76%), BOD<sub>5</sub> (94.90–96.55%), TSS (90–92%), PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>-P (98.46–99.6%), NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N (99.65%), NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N (71.94–91.96%), and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N (79.66–86.88%) were achieved along with heavy metals like Cr (99.9%), Mn (47–55.97%), Mo (60.14–99.9%), Cd (30.77–99.9%), Zn (11.21–18.78%), and Al (14.93–99.9%) from wastewater and followed first-order kinetics. The electroecological system’s effectiveness was validated using statistical techniques like PCA and the Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test. Pathogens, including <i>Vibrio</i>,<i> E. coli</i>,<i> Pseudomonas</i>, fecal <i>Coliform</i>, and <i>Aeromonas</i>, were nearly 99.9% removed, along with 99% of organic compounds, including emerging pollutants. Ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma were used to study the accumulation of ions (Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>) in <i>Juncus</i> and their removal in water (around 83.15% K<sup>+</sup>, 30.53% SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, 29.53% Cl<sup>−</sup>, 26.45% Mg<sup>2+</sup>, 13.58% Na<sup>+</sup>, and 9.50% Ca<sup>2+</sup>). <i>Juncus</i> was efficient in accumulating K<sup>+</sup> (66.99%) and Mg<sup>2+</sup> (42.32%) ions. The electroecological system’s physical and biochemical analysis shows no salinity stress, showing potential for treating brackish sewage. No research has been reported on treating brackish sewage using a <i>Junucs</i>-based CW-electrolytic cell in the literature. It is a novel approach for independent wastewater treatment in coastal, remote, and rural areas.</p>

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Monitoring and assessment of a novel halophyte-based two-stage electroecological system for remediation of brackish sewage

  • Meena Choudhary,
  • Biswajit Swain,
  • Gopi Satasiya,
  • Monali Muduli,
  • Sanak Ray

摘要

This study examines the performance of an innovative electroecological system for treating brackish sewage in five cycles with different salinity concentrations. Two systems were designed: a control and electroecological system using a halophytic-constructed wetland (Juncus rigidus, retention time 96 h) and an electrolytic cell (graphite electrode, external electric potential of 12 V applied for 8 h). The system effectively removed pollutants such as salinity (48–61.94%), COD (83.56–87.76%), BOD5 (94.90–96.55%), TSS (90–92%), PO43−-P (98.46–99.6%), NH4+-N (99.65%), NO3-N (71.94–91.96%), and NO2-N (79.66–86.88%) were achieved along with heavy metals like Cr (99.9%), Mn (47–55.97%), Mo (60.14–99.9%), Cd (30.77–99.9%), Zn (11.21–18.78%), and Al (14.93–99.9%) from wastewater and followed first-order kinetics. The electroecological system’s effectiveness was validated using statistical techniques like PCA and the Mann–Whitney U test. Pathogens, including Vibrio, E. coli, Pseudomonas, fecal Coliform, and Aeromonas, were nearly 99.9% removed, along with 99% of organic compounds, including emerging pollutants. Ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma were used to study the accumulation of ions (Cl, SO42−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) in Juncus and their removal in water (around 83.15% K+, 30.53% SO42−, 29.53% Cl, 26.45% Mg2+, 13.58% Na+, and 9.50% Ca2+). Juncus was efficient in accumulating K+ (66.99%) and Mg2+ (42.32%) ions. The electroecological system’s physical and biochemical analysis shows no salinity stress, showing potential for treating brackish sewage. No research has been reported on treating brackish sewage using a Junucs-based CW-electrolytic cell in the literature. It is a novel approach for independent wastewater treatment in coastal, remote, and rural areas.