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<p>This study investigates the genotoxic effects of tourism on two sentinel crab species (<i>Johngarthia lagostoma</i> and <i>Grapsus grapsus</i>) in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, a Marine Protected Area and World Natural Heritage Site—sampling (October 2020–June 2022) covered periods of varying tourist influx due to COVID-19 restrictions. Genomic damage was assessed using micronucleus (macrolesions) and comet assays (microlesions) in hemolymph samples from crabs at two sites: Dolphin Trail (low visitation) and Porto de Santo Antônio Beach (high visitation). DNA damage increased with tourist numbers. In <i>J. lagostoma</i>, macrolesions rose from 3.2 MN/1000 cells (October 2020, 3261 tourists) to 8.8 MN/1000 cells (February 2022, 10,918 tourists), while microlesions increased from a damage index (DI) of 119.1 to 231.5. <i>Grapsus grapsus</i> was a more susceptible species, with macrolesions rising from 5.4 to 10.2 MN/1000 cells and microlesions from 184.7 to 303.1 DI (October 2020–October 2021, 12,085 tourists). Regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between tourist numbers and DNA damage, particularly in <i>J. lagostoma</i> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.99; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). <i>G. grapsus</i> experienced more significant genomic damage due to its exposure at Porto de Santo Antônio Beach, a major tourist site, while <i>J. lagostoma</i> presented lower damage in the less disturbed Dolphin Trail. On average, <i>G. grapsus</i> had a 1.5-fold higher microlesion index (240.1 DI) than <i>J. lagostoma</i> (159.0 DI), highlighting interspecific differences. These findings highlight island ecosystems’ vulnerability and the urgent need for conservation strategies to mitigate tourism-induced genomic damages in biota.</p>

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Assessing DNA damage in sentinel crabs as indicators of tourist impact in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, a Marine Protected Area and World Natural Heritage Site in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Mônica Lúcia Adam,
  • Anderson Rodrigues Balbino de Lima,
  • Marcelo Antônio Amaro Pinheiro,
  • Harry Boos,
  • Rodrigo Augusto Torres

摘要

This study investigates the genotoxic effects of tourism on two sentinel crab species (Johngarthia lagostoma and Grapsus grapsus) in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, a Marine Protected Area and World Natural Heritage Site—sampling (October 2020–June 2022) covered periods of varying tourist influx due to COVID-19 restrictions. Genomic damage was assessed using micronucleus (macrolesions) and comet assays (microlesions) in hemolymph samples from crabs at two sites: Dolphin Trail (low visitation) and Porto de Santo Antônio Beach (high visitation). DNA damage increased with tourist numbers. In J. lagostoma, macrolesions rose from 3.2 MN/1000 cells (October 2020, 3261 tourists) to 8.8 MN/1000 cells (February 2022, 10,918 tourists), while microlesions increased from a damage index (DI) of 119.1 to 231.5. Grapsus grapsus was a more susceptible species, with macrolesions rising from 5.4 to 10.2 MN/1000 cells and microlesions from 184.7 to 303.1 DI (October 2020–October 2021, 12,085 tourists). Regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between tourist numbers and DNA damage, particularly in J. lagostoma (R2 = 0.99; p < 0.001). G. grapsus experienced more significant genomic damage due to its exposure at Porto de Santo Antônio Beach, a major tourist site, while J. lagostoma presented lower damage in the less disturbed Dolphin Trail. On average, G. grapsus had a 1.5-fold higher microlesion index (240.1 DI) than J. lagostoma (159.0 DI), highlighting interspecific differences. These findings highlight island ecosystems’ vulnerability and the urgent need for conservation strategies to mitigate tourism-induced genomic damages in biota.