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<p>Small indigenous fish species serve as valuable bioindicators for freshwater ecosystem health assessment, yet comprehensive baseline data for tropical cyprinid species remain limited in Northeast India. This study establishes baseline reference data and evaluates the bioindicator potential of three sympatric cyprinid species through integrated morphometric, physiological, and reproductive assessments. <i>Amblypharyngodon mola</i> Hamilton, 1822; <i>Esomus danricus</i> Hamilton, 1822; and <i>Puntius sophore</i> Hamilton, 1822, were systematically monitored across three sites in the Gumti River, Tripura, Northeast India, over 12&#xa0;months. Environmental parameters including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, and depth were measured alongside biological assessments of 200 individuals per species for morphometric analysis, 30 individuals per species per month for condition factors, and 10 mature individuals per species per month for reproductive indicators. Statistical analysis employed Pearson correlation, ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests, ANCOVA, principal component analysis, and regression modeling using SPSS 21.0. Results demonstrated strong correlations between environmental parameters and fish health indicators (<i>r</i> = 0.65–0.78, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), validating species sensitivity as bioindicators. Morphometric relationships showed high consistency (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.96) with positive allometric growth patterns (<i>b</i> &gt; 3.0) indicating population stability. Condition factors exhibited significant seasonal variations (<i>K</i> values, 1.72–2.42 for <i>A. mola</i>, 1.70–1.98 for <i>E. danricus</i>, and 1.79–2.24 for <i>P. sophore</i>) reflecting water quality fluctuations. Spatial analysis revealed consistent downstream declines in fish health indicators. These findings establish critical baseline reference data and validate small cyprinids as cost-effective bioindicators, supporting standardized biomonitoring protocols for environmental management in tropical freshwater systems.</p>

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Small indigenous cyprinids as bioindicators of freshwater ecosystem health: a comprehensive monitoring assessment from the Gumti River, Northeast India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月22日

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  • Chandan Debnath

摘要

Small indigenous fish species serve as valuable bioindicators for freshwater ecosystem health assessment, yet comprehensive baseline data for tropical cyprinid species remain limited in Northeast India. This study establishes baseline reference data and evaluates the bioindicator potential of three sympatric cyprinid species through integrated morphometric, physiological, and reproductive assessments. Amblypharyngodon mola Hamilton, 1822; Esomus danricus Hamilton, 1822; and Puntius sophore Hamilton, 1822, were systematically monitored across three sites in the Gumti River, Tripura, Northeast India, over 12 months. Environmental parameters including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, and depth were measured alongside biological assessments of 200 individuals per species for morphometric analysis, 30 individuals per species per month for condition factors, and 10 mature individuals per species per month for reproductive indicators. Statistical analysis employed Pearson correlation, ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests, ANCOVA, principal component analysis, and regression modeling using SPSS 21.0. Results demonstrated strong correlations between environmental parameters and fish health indicators (r = 0.65–0.78, p < 0.001), validating species sensitivity as bioindicators. Morphometric relationships showed high consistency (r2 > 0.96) with positive allometric growth patterns (b > 3.0) indicating population stability. Condition factors exhibited significant seasonal variations (K values, 1.72–2.42 for A. mola, 1.70–1.98 for E. danricus, and 1.79–2.24 for P. sophore) reflecting water quality fluctuations. Spatial analysis revealed consistent downstream declines in fish health indicators. These findings establish critical baseline reference data and validate small cyprinids as cost-effective bioindicators, supporting standardized biomonitoring protocols for environmental management in tropical freshwater systems.