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<p>Globally, noise pollution has become an emerging problem, especially due to transportation. Railway noise is overlooked among different types of transportation noise, which creates an environmental issue that disproportionately affects vulnerable communities. This study was conducted on slum settlements situated on empty land near rail track areas, which is frequently neglected in previous research despite their high exposure risks. This study examines variations in noise levels across passenger and freight trains, including subcategories (express and superfast) of passenger trains powered by diesel and electric locomotives, by monitoring 1057 pass-by trains through the 14 locations in urban slums of Delhi, India. Noise levels were monitored using a type I sound level meter, and statistical analysis was conducted along with graphical representation to understand its spatial and categorical variations. The results showed that diesel engine trains were consistently noisier than electric engine trains, with approximately 2–8&#xa0;dB higher levels. Freight trains were identified as the loudest contributors, generating a mean noise of 100.1&#xa0;dB, found approximately 8&#xa0;dB higher than passenger trains. Spatial analysis revealed significant variation in noise, with the highest and lowest mean difference observed at locations L11 and L6, 47.0&#xa0;dB and 32.5&#xa0;dB, respectively, which violated the prescribed limit set by CPCB at all sites. A strong link between the train frequency and noise level (LAT) was observed in the temporal and statistical analysis, especially during peak afternoon hours. Using the IDW interpolation, GIS-based mapping identified the spatial hotspots, which will support making time and location-specific mitigation measures. These insights emphasize the need to enforce noise abatement measures and implement sustainable rail practices to attenuate the excessive noise burden on these slum communities.</p>

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Assessment of railway noise exposure in slum settlements of a metropolitan city

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月29日

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  • Ravi Pratap Singh Jadon,
  • Nasim Akhtar,
  • Rajeev Kumar Mishra

摘要

Globally, noise pollution has become an emerging problem, especially due to transportation. Railway noise is overlooked among different types of transportation noise, which creates an environmental issue that disproportionately affects vulnerable communities. This study was conducted on slum settlements situated on empty land near rail track areas, which is frequently neglected in previous research despite their high exposure risks. This study examines variations in noise levels across passenger and freight trains, including subcategories (express and superfast) of passenger trains powered by diesel and electric locomotives, by monitoring 1057 pass-by trains through the 14 locations in urban slums of Delhi, India. Noise levels were monitored using a type I sound level meter, and statistical analysis was conducted along with graphical representation to understand its spatial and categorical variations. The results showed that diesel engine trains were consistently noisier than electric engine trains, with approximately 2–8 dB higher levels. Freight trains were identified as the loudest contributors, generating a mean noise of 100.1 dB, found approximately 8 dB higher than passenger trains. Spatial analysis revealed significant variation in noise, with the highest and lowest mean difference observed at locations L11 and L6, 47.0 dB and 32.5 dB, respectively, which violated the prescribed limit set by CPCB at all sites. A strong link between the train frequency and noise level (LAT) was observed in the temporal and statistical analysis, especially during peak afternoon hours. Using the IDW interpolation, GIS-based mapping identified the spatial hotspots, which will support making time and location-specific mitigation measures. These insights emphasize the need to enforce noise abatement measures and implement sustainable rail practices to attenuate the excessive noise burden on these slum communities.