<p>Road dust refers to solid particles in the air that are airborne. Such particles are generated by mechanical processes, either geological or anthropogenic, from different organic and inorganic materials such as rocks, minerals, and metals. It mainly comprises coarse particles with residues from mining by-products, human waste, and animal or automotive parts. Sediment dust sampling is an important tool for assessing the deposition of environmental contaminants. Collecting it with a shovel and plastic brush over a 1 m² area is an inexpensive and effective alternative, allowing representative studies without the need for expensive equipment. The objective of this study is to determine the ecological and human health risks associated with exposure to trace metals in road dust in the urban areas of Nueva Rosita, Coahuila, Mexico. Forty-four samples were collected from an area measuring 8 km². Elemental concentrations were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and mean concentrations of 882, 369, 48, 53, and 8 (mg/kg) for Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr, respectively, were obtained. The ecological risk index indicates a significant risk of Cd contamination and moderate risks of Zn, Pb, and Cu contamination. Notably, average concentrations of these pollutants do not pose a chronic risk to human health. This study represents the basis for monitoring contamination by trace metals such as Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu.</p>