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<p>The purpose of the study was to compare the levels of Heavy metals and some elements in the dust and soil close to the Lanaz oil refinery and the steel industry in Erbil-Iraq, as indicators of environmental contamination. Accordingly, ten different sites were investigated based on their distances from the pollution sources. Results of the study showed that dust was significantly more contaminated with elements than urban soil, particularly Pb, As, Hg, and Sb with <i>t</i> values (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) of 2.170**, 2.104**, -0.985**, and -3.187** respectively. Significant variations between all of the distances under study were found via statistical analysis. The order of heavy metals and elements abundance was the same in both soil and dust as: Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Mn &gt; Pb &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; As &gt; Co &gt; V &gt; Sb &gt; Se &gt; Hg &gt; Cd. Ni, Cr, and Zn concentrations in soil exceeded WHO limits. The contamination factor of dust and soil’s Pb, As, Co, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Se, and Sb contents showed very high pollution (CF &gt; 6). Ni was the main contributor to soil pollution 250–1500 m away from pollution sources. The pollution load index (PLI) for dust and soils indicated deterioration of the site’s quality in the distances from 250–750 and 250-500m respectively. Dust posed very strong Pb, As, and Zn health risks (RI ≥ 440) in 250 m from pollution sources, whereas, only Sb showed powerful health risks in soils from 250–1250 m.</p>

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Comparison of dust and surface soil heavy metals and some element contents in erbil city as a sign of environmental pollution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Zhian Rashid Salih,
  • Nashmeel Saeed Khudhur,
  • Farhad Hassan Aziz

摘要

The purpose of the study was to compare the levels of Heavy metals and some elements in the dust and soil close to the Lanaz oil refinery and the steel industry in Erbil-Iraq, as indicators of environmental contamination. Accordingly, ten different sites were investigated based on their distances from the pollution sources. Results of the study showed that dust was significantly more contaminated with elements than urban soil, particularly Pb, As, Hg, and Sb with t values (p < 0.01) of 2.170**, 2.104**, -0.985**, and -3.187** respectively. Significant variations between all of the distances under study were found via statistical analysis. The order of heavy metals and elements abundance was the same in both soil and dust as: Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > As > Co > V > Sb > Se > Hg > Cd. Ni, Cr, and Zn concentrations in soil exceeded WHO limits. The contamination factor of dust and soil’s Pb, As, Co, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Se, and Sb contents showed very high pollution (CF > 6). Ni was the main contributor to soil pollution 250–1500 m away from pollution sources. The pollution load index (PLI) for dust and soils indicated deterioration of the site’s quality in the distances from 250–750 and 250-500m respectively. Dust posed very strong Pb, As, and Zn health risks (RI ≥ 440) in 250 m from pollution sources, whereas, only Sb showed powerful health risks in soils from 250–1250 m.