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<p>Olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) and kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia chinensis</i>) are economically and ecologically important crops in northern Iran. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are soilborne pathogens that cause significant yield and economic losses annually. In this study, the relative effectiveness of a chemical nematicide, Cadusafos (Rugby ®), a <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> isolate, and three commercial bioagents, namely Bactoland (PGPR bacteria + humic acid), Biolep (<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kurstaki</i>), and Abamectin (<i>Streptomyces avermitilis</i>), was evaluated through eleven different treatment schemes against <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> in naturally infected olive and kiwifruit orchards over two consecutive years. Efficacy was assessed based on second-stage juvenile nematodes (J2s) in soil, as well as nematode egg masses, galls, and juveniles in roots. The results show a significant differences in nematode population densities and infection levels among treatments. Bactoland and <i>B. velezensis</i> isolate were the most nematode bio-suppressive agents, significantly reducing RKN infection by lowering J2 populations in soil and decreasing nematode egg masses, galls and juveniles in roots. Although Cadusafos (Rugby ®) demonstrated the highest efficacy, soil application of biocontrol agents such as Bactoland and <i>B. velezensis</i> also provided considerable nematode suppression and may serve as sustainable alternatives for safe RKN management in olive and kiwifruit production systems.</p>

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Field evaluation of chemical and biological compounds for the management of root-knot nematodes in olive and kiwifruit orchards

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Seyedeh Negin Mirghasemi,
  • Salar Jamali,
  • Pejman Khodaygan,
  • Seyedeh Najmeh Banihashemian

摘要

Olive (Olea europaea L.) and kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) are economically and ecologically important crops in northern Iran. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are soilborne pathogens that cause significant yield and economic losses annually. In this study, the relative effectiveness of a chemical nematicide, Cadusafos (Rugby ®), a Bacillus velezensis isolate, and three commercial bioagents, namely Bactoland (PGPR bacteria + humic acid), Biolep (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki), and Abamectin (Streptomyces avermitilis), was evaluated through eleven different treatment schemes against Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita in naturally infected olive and kiwifruit orchards over two consecutive years. Efficacy was assessed based on second-stage juvenile nematodes (J2s) in soil, as well as nematode egg masses, galls, and juveniles in roots. The results show a significant differences in nematode population densities and infection levels among treatments. Bactoland and B. velezensis isolate were the most nematode bio-suppressive agents, significantly reducing RKN infection by lowering J2 populations in soil and decreasing nematode egg masses, galls and juveniles in roots. Although Cadusafos (Rugby ®) demonstrated the highest efficacy, soil application of biocontrol agents such as Bactoland and B. velezensis also provided considerable nematode suppression and may serve as sustainable alternatives for safe RKN management in olive and kiwifruit production systems.