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<p>Citrus scab diseases are caused by three species of <i>Elsinoë</i>. These are important diseases affecting citrus production and impacting international trade of fresh fruits, because of quarantine restrictions. Repeated rejections of shipments of <i>Citrus</i> × <i>latifolia</i> (Tahiti lime – TL) fruit imported from Brazil were determined by European quarantine authorities, due to the detection of <i>Elsinoë citricola</i>. These caused great concern to the stakeholders involved and significant economic losses. Paradoxically, <i>E. citricola</i> is an obscure fungal species, known only from a single <i>Citrus</i> × <i>limonia</i> (rangpur lime – RL) tree in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Neither TL scab nor the association of <i>E. citricola</i> with TL have ever been reported in scientific literature. Here, we undertook an exploratory investigation to verify the occurrence and distribution of <i>E. citricola</i> on RL and TL. Numerous samples were collected from four Brazilian states, but only 11 <i>Elsinoë</i> isolates were obtained from RL (10) and TL (1). Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by conventional PCR followed by phylogenetic analysis of the RNA polymerase II gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses placed all 11 isolates within the <i>E. citricola</i> clade. Our results indicate that <i>E. citricola</i> is the dominant species causing scab on RL in Brazil. This is the first report of the occurrence of <i>E. citricola</i> causing TL scab in the field worldwide. It is fully supported by isolation of the fungus from fruit lesions, deposit of the pure culture in a public culture collection and molecular confirmation of its identity. This single finding resolved the TL scab paradox. The implications are discussed. The need for demonstration of the viability of <i>E. citricola</i> colonies, in imported TL, through isolation or other experimental tool is highlighted as needed to better support quarantine decision-making regarding TL scab. All positive records of <i>E. citricola</i> were from samples obtained from domestic unsprayed orchards. In case the fungus is being inactivated by the treatments in use in TL plantations and in packing-houses in Brazil, additional measures by TL producers, such as an increase in fungicide treatments by the farmers and intensification of post-harvest treatments may prove unnecessary.</p>

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Elsinoë citricola is prevalent in rangpur lime scab in Brazil and also occurs on Tahiti lime

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Camila Cristina Lage de Andrade,
  • Aline Suelen da Silva,
  • Luana de Andrade Ogata,
  • Marisa Dalbosco,
  • Lucas Milanez Pires,
  • Geraldo José Silva-Junior,
  • Robert Weingart Barreto,
  • Caio Mattos Pereira

摘要

Citrus scab diseases are caused by three species of Elsinoë. These are important diseases affecting citrus production and impacting international trade of fresh fruits, because of quarantine restrictions. Repeated rejections of shipments of Citrus × latifolia (Tahiti lime – TL) fruit imported from Brazil were determined by European quarantine authorities, due to the detection of Elsinoë citricola. These caused great concern to the stakeholders involved and significant economic losses. Paradoxically, E. citricola is an obscure fungal species, known only from a single Citrus × limonia (rangpur lime – RL) tree in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Neither TL scab nor the association of E. citricola with TL have ever been reported in scientific literature. Here, we undertook an exploratory investigation to verify the occurrence and distribution of E. citricola on RL and TL. Numerous samples were collected from four Brazilian states, but only 11 Elsinoë isolates were obtained from RL (10) and TL (1). Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by conventional PCR followed by phylogenetic analysis of the RNA polymerase II gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses placed all 11 isolates within the E. citricola clade. Our results indicate that E. citricola is the dominant species causing scab on RL in Brazil. This is the first report of the occurrence of E. citricola causing TL scab in the field worldwide. It is fully supported by isolation of the fungus from fruit lesions, deposit of the pure culture in a public culture collection and molecular confirmation of its identity. This single finding resolved the TL scab paradox. The implications are discussed. The need for demonstration of the viability of E. citricola colonies, in imported TL, through isolation or other experimental tool is highlighted as needed to better support quarantine decision-making regarding TL scab. All positive records of E. citricola were from samples obtained from domestic unsprayed orchards. In case the fungus is being inactivated by the treatments in use in TL plantations and in packing-houses in Brazil, additional measures by TL producers, such as an increase in fungicide treatments by the farmers and intensification of post-harvest treatments may prove unnecessary.