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<p>This study evaluates the antifungal activity of carvacrol, a key component of essential oils, against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> strain RS-Gvt, the causal agent of sheath blight (ShB) in rice. <i>In vitro</i> assays showed complete inhibition of RS-Gvt mycelial growth at 0.25 and 0.5&#xa0;mg&#xa0;mL<sup>⁻1</sup> concentrations (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy of treated hyphae revealed notable morphological changes, including reduced diameter and irregular constrictions. A two-year field experiment (monsoon 2022 and 2023) was conducted under artificial disease pressure using a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment involved three main treatments (M<sub>1</sub>-M<sub>3</sub>) based on the timing of pathogen inoculation and carvacrol application and seven sub-treatments (T<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>7</sub>) representing carvacrol concentrations ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0&#xa0;mg&#xa0;mL<sup>⁻1</sup>. Pooled data revealed significant differences in percent disease index (PDI) and grain yield across treatments. M<sub>1</sub> (simultaneous application of carvacrol and RS-Gvt) resulted in the lowest PDI (49.93) and highest yield (4.84 t ha<sup>⁻1</sup>), compared to M<sub>2</sub> (carvacrol application followed by RS-Gvt inoculation after five days) and M3 (RS-Gvt inoculation followed by carvacrol application after five days). Increasing carvacrol concentrations led to a reduction in PDI (from 60.92 to 31.54) and an increase in grain yield (from 4.58 to 5.35 t ha<sup>⁻1</sup>) without any phytotoxicity. These findings indicate both protective and therapeutic effects of carvacrol against ShB. Application of 1.0&#xa0;mg&#xa0;mL<sup>⁻1</sup> carvacrol at disease onset is most effective for disease suppression. This study supports the potential of carvacrol as a safe, eco-friendly compound for integrated sheath blight disease management in rice cultivation.</p>

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Carvacrol- a plant-purified monoterpenoid phenol compound for the management of sheath blight disease of rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Devenna Pramesh,
  • Indrajeet Usha,
  • Adke Raghunandana,
  • Mukanara Nagarajappa Harish,
  • Muthakapalli Krishnareddy Prasannakumar,
  • Barkeer Srikanth,
  • Channappa Manjunatha

摘要

This study evaluates the antifungal activity of carvacrol, a key component of essential oils, against Rhizoctonia solani strain RS-Gvt, the causal agent of sheath blight (ShB) in rice. In vitro assays showed complete inhibition of RS-Gvt mycelial growth at 0.25 and 0.5 mg mL⁻1 concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy of treated hyphae revealed notable morphological changes, including reduced diameter and irregular constrictions. A two-year field experiment (monsoon 2022 and 2023) was conducted under artificial disease pressure using a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment involved three main treatments (M1-M3) based on the timing of pathogen inoculation and carvacrol application and seven sub-treatments (T1-T7) representing carvacrol concentrations ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0 mg mL⁻1. Pooled data revealed significant differences in percent disease index (PDI) and grain yield across treatments. M1 (simultaneous application of carvacrol and RS-Gvt) resulted in the lowest PDI (49.93) and highest yield (4.84 t ha⁻1), compared to M2 (carvacrol application followed by RS-Gvt inoculation after five days) and M3 (RS-Gvt inoculation followed by carvacrol application after five days). Increasing carvacrol concentrations led to a reduction in PDI (from 60.92 to 31.54) and an increase in grain yield (from 4.58 to 5.35 t ha⁻1) without any phytotoxicity. These findings indicate both protective and therapeutic effects of carvacrol against ShB. Application of 1.0 mg mL⁻1 carvacrol at disease onset is most effective for disease suppression. This study supports the potential of carvacrol as a safe, eco-friendly compound for integrated sheath blight disease management in rice cultivation.