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<p>The management of plant pathogens has become a challenge due to increasing pesticide resistance. Recent studies have focused on developing alternatives to chemical pesticides, enabling effective control of crop pathogens with reduced environmental impact and minimal effects on human health. This study examines the chemical composition and antifungal activity of four essential oils extracted from <i>Origanum compactum</i>, <i>Thymus leptobotrys</i>, <i>Laurus nobilis</i>, and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>, both individually and in combination, against <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, the causal agent of olive leaf diseases. The most potent inhibitors of <i>A. alternata</i> were Oregano and Thyme essential oils, distinguished by the predominance of carvacrol (59% and 75.05%), respectively. Furthermore, essential oil combinations such as Oregano/Thyme and Oregano/Thyme/Laurel reduced the MIC values and showed synergistic effects (FICI ≤ 0.5). The antifungal properties of essential oils on detached olive leaves were also examined in this study. This rapid, reproducible technique is a useful method for identifying the most effective EOs and mixtures. The results revealed that the essential oils and their mixture exhibited high efficacy. <i>In silico</i> analysis by molecular docking was performed to study the anticipated ligands of these essential oils against the Ubiquitin E3 Ligase responsible for H2B monoubiquitination in <i>Alternaria alternata.</i> Further investigation by the SwissADME server revealed that the metabolites have fungicidal properties, suggesting their potential as fungicide candidates. Overall, this study provides information that serves as a preliminary basis for the development of natural fungicides to combat olive leaf disease caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i>.</p>

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Antifungal assessment, synergistic activity and molecular docking studies of essential oils as potential fungal inhibitor candidates against Alternaria alternata responsible for olive leaf spot disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • Khaoula Chattat,
  • Rachid Azenzem,
  • Amal Sammama,
  • Nada Fanjaoui,
  • Lahcen Ouahmane,
  • Tayeb Koussa,
  • Mohamed Najib Alfeddy

摘要

The management of plant pathogens has become a challenge due to increasing pesticide resistance. Recent studies have focused on developing alternatives to chemical pesticides, enabling effective control of crop pathogens with reduced environmental impact and minimal effects on human health. This study examines the chemical composition and antifungal activity of four essential oils extracted from Origanum compactum, Thymus leptobotrys, Laurus nobilis, and Rosmarinus officinalis, both individually and in combination, against Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of olive leaf diseases. The most potent inhibitors of A. alternata were Oregano and Thyme essential oils, distinguished by the predominance of carvacrol (59% and 75.05%), respectively. Furthermore, essential oil combinations such as Oregano/Thyme and Oregano/Thyme/Laurel reduced the MIC values and showed synergistic effects (FICI ≤ 0.5). The antifungal properties of essential oils on detached olive leaves were also examined in this study. This rapid, reproducible technique is a useful method for identifying the most effective EOs and mixtures. The results revealed that the essential oils and their mixture exhibited high efficacy. In silico analysis by molecular docking was performed to study the anticipated ligands of these essential oils against the Ubiquitin E3 Ligase responsible for H2B monoubiquitination in Alternaria alternata. Further investigation by the SwissADME server revealed that the metabolites have fungicidal properties, suggesting their potential as fungicide candidates. Overall, this study provides information that serves as a preliminary basis for the development of natural fungicides to combat olive leaf disease caused by Alternaria alternata.