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<p>Rapeseed, or canola, is an oilseed whose acreage in Iran continuously increases due to its high-quality oil. While surveying canola fields in southeastern Iran during 2018 and 2019, phytoplasma-like symptoms on canola plants were observed. The prevalence of the symptomatic plants ranged between 5 and 70%. Leaf samples were obtained from both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. DNA was extracted from the samples and subjected to nested PCR using universal primers (P1/P7-R16F2n/R16R2). The nested PCR products from eight representative phytoplasma strains were sequenced and analyzed using the <i>i</i>PhyClassifier web platform to identify the strains. They were similar to the reference strains of phytoplasma subgroups 16SrVI-A (<i>‘Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma trifolii’) and 16SrIX-C (‘<i>Ca</i>. P. phoenicium’), each of which included four strains. The findings were also affirmed by amplifying and sequencing the <i>cpn60</i> UT gene from two strains assigned to the ‘<i>Ca</i>. Phytoplasma’ species. Moreover, in a bioassay experiment, dodder transferred the disease's causative agent, belonging to the first subgroup, from a symptomatic canola plant to periwinkles. It was confirmed that the symptomatic periwinkle plants were infected with the same phytoplasma found in the donor source plant. The phytoplasma strains from the 16SrIX-C and 16SrVI-A subgroups are the world's first and second reports of infecting <i>Brassica napus</i>, respectively. The results from this study also provide a new contribution to the <i>cpn60</i>-based identification of phytoplasmas. Moreover, the leaf-purpling symptom is reported as a diagnostic symptom for locating phytoplasma-infected canola plants.</p>

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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium’-related strains associated with canola phyllody disease in southeastern Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Mahboubeh Eskandari,
  • Akbar Hosseinipour,
  • Mehdi Azadvar,
  • Hossain Massumi

摘要

Rapeseed, or canola, is an oilseed whose acreage in Iran continuously increases due to its high-quality oil. While surveying canola fields in southeastern Iran during 2018 and 2019, phytoplasma-like symptoms on canola plants were observed. The prevalence of the symptomatic plants ranged between 5 and 70%. Leaf samples were obtained from both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. DNA was extracted from the samples and subjected to nested PCR using universal primers (P1/P7-R16F2n/R16R2). The nested PCR products from eight representative phytoplasma strains were sequenced and analyzed using the iPhyClassifier web platform to identify the strains. They were similar to the reference strains of phytoplasma subgroups 16SrVI-A (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’) and 16SrIX-C (‘Ca. P. phoenicium’), each of which included four strains. The findings were also affirmed by amplifying and sequencing the cpn60 UT gene from two strains assigned to the ‘Ca. Phytoplasma’ species. Moreover, in a bioassay experiment, dodder transferred the disease's causative agent, belonging to the first subgroup, from a symptomatic canola plant to periwinkles. It was confirmed that the symptomatic periwinkle plants were infected with the same phytoplasma found in the donor source plant. The phytoplasma strains from the 16SrIX-C and 16SrVI-A subgroups are the world's first and second reports of infecting Brassica napus, respectively. The results from this study also provide a new contribution to the cpn60-based identification of phytoplasmas. Moreover, the leaf-purpling symptom is reported as a diagnostic symptom for locating phytoplasma-infected canola plants.