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<p><i>Alternaria</i> leaf spot (ALS, <i>Alternaria brassicicola.</i> Schw) severely affects cauliflower and other vegetable <i>brassica</i> and causes significant yield losses. The lack of resistant sources in the existing usable gene pool highlights the necessity for a deeper understanding of host- resistance mechanisms to design breeding strategies. The present study analyzed biochemical constituents during the pre- and post-inoculation stages to understand host–pathogen interactions in the <i>Brassica oleracea</i>-<i>A. brassicicola</i> system. For this, six genotypes (2 each of resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible groups) were grown in complete randomized design (CRD) under controlled conditions at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. Inoculation of 45-day-old plants showed disease progression at eight time-points from 0&#xa0;h (h) to 9&#xa0;days post-inoculation. Susceptible genotypes showed visible symptoms at 48&#xa0;h post-inoculation while resistant genotypes took 96&#xa0;h. ANOVA confirmed the significant difference between the genotypes and time points for the estimated biochemical constituents. The resistant genotypes DCF14 and VV were found to have significantly higher antioxidant enzyme levels, chlorophyll, non-enzymatic antioxidants and secondary metabolites compared to susceptible genotypes. Principal component analysis explained nearly 88% of the variance from the first two principal components (PC1-61.7%, PC2- 26.2%). A heat map demonstrated the negative association of SOD (-0.65), PAL (-0.71), TPR (-0.71), TCh (-0.86), AA (-0.80) and FLV (-0.74) towards disease susceptibility. Random forest importance analysis predicted that TCh, SOD, PAL, AA and FLV were major contributors to ALS resistance. Partial correlation network revealed the interdependencies and direct effect of the key biochemical constituents at different time points underpinning the coordinated defense signalling. A radar plot provided an overview of the biochemical levels in all the genotypes. These findings offer novel insights into the temporal biochemical dynamics of <i>A. brassicicola</i> resistance in cauliflower.</p>

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Deciphering temporal biochemical dimensions of Alternaria brassicicola resistance mechanism in cauliflower using multivariate analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Varun B. H.,
  • Shrawan Singh,
  • Vinay Verma,
  • Bhag Chand Shivran,
  • Sushma Sagar,
  • Manisha Mangal,
  • Anil Khar,
  • Lakshman Prasad,
  • Navinder Saini

摘要

Alternaria leaf spot (ALS, Alternaria brassicicola. Schw) severely affects cauliflower and other vegetable brassica and causes significant yield losses. The lack of resistant sources in the existing usable gene pool highlights the necessity for a deeper understanding of host- resistance mechanisms to design breeding strategies. The present study analyzed biochemical constituents during the pre- and post-inoculation stages to understand host–pathogen interactions in the Brassica oleracea-A. brassicicola system. For this, six genotypes (2 each of resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible groups) were grown in complete randomized design (CRD) under controlled conditions at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. Inoculation of 45-day-old plants showed disease progression at eight time-points from 0 h (h) to 9 days post-inoculation. Susceptible genotypes showed visible symptoms at 48 h post-inoculation while resistant genotypes took 96 h. ANOVA confirmed the significant difference between the genotypes and time points for the estimated biochemical constituents. The resistant genotypes DCF14 and VV were found to have significantly higher antioxidant enzyme levels, chlorophyll, non-enzymatic antioxidants and secondary metabolites compared to susceptible genotypes. Principal component analysis explained nearly 88% of the variance from the first two principal components (PC1-61.7%, PC2- 26.2%). A heat map demonstrated the negative association of SOD (-0.65), PAL (-0.71), TPR (-0.71), TCh (-0.86), AA (-0.80) and FLV (-0.74) towards disease susceptibility. Random forest importance analysis predicted that TCh, SOD, PAL, AA and FLV were major contributors to ALS resistance. Partial correlation network revealed the interdependencies and direct effect of the key biochemical constituents at different time points underpinning the coordinated defense signalling. A radar plot provided an overview of the biochemical levels in all the genotypes. These findings offer novel insights into the temporal biochemical dynamics of A. brassicicola resistance in cauliflower.