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<p>The genus <i>Globodera</i> comprises fourteen known species of sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, including two major potato pests worldwide, <i>Globodera pallida</i> and <i>G</i>. <i>rostochiensis</i>. They are a significant factor limiting potato production and tuber quality in main potato-growing regions across the globe. Yet, there is still a lack of updated information on the status of these plant parasitic nematodes in cultivated potato fields in Ecuador. In this work, a total of 181 samples collected from fourteen geographic localities in five major potato-growing areas of Ecuador were surveyed for the detection of potato cyst nematodes. A molecular integrative approach based on the conventional multiplex PCR analysis with species-specific primers and PCR direct sequencing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA)-genes provided a rapid identification at the species rank within the genus <i>Globodera</i>. The results indicate that the pale cyst nematode, <i>G. pallida</i>, is widespread across the main potato-growing regions of Ecuador, with an overall prevalence of 54.1%. Notably, <i>G. pallida</i> was the only <i>Globodera</i> species detected in the surveyed potato fields. Additionally, two rRNA gene regions (D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences and ITS rRNA) and partial sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b (<i>cytb</i>) gene of <i>G</i>. <i>pallida</i> from twenty-five Ecuadorian populations were also used to study the molecular evolution, genetic diversity and phylogeographic patterns. Bayesian inference (BI) trees for these ribosomal and mitochondrial molecular markers established phylogenetic relationships among the Andean-Ecuadorian and other worldwide populations. The high intraspecific variability of ITS and <i>cytb</i> markers together with their phylogenetic patterns suggest that the phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution are possibly the key of the adaptation to environmental changes as well as the diversification and speciation within the genus <i>Globodera</i>. Our phylogenetic findings based on the <i>cytb</i> gene suggest that the <i>G. pallida</i> populations from Ecuador have a unique origin, possibly from central-northern highlands of Peru, through anthropogenic activities.</p>

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Prevalence, genetic diversity, molecular phylogeny and phylogeography data of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, associated with potato crops in Ecuador

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Pablo Llumiquinga,
  • Roberto Cobo,
  • Patricio Gallegos,
  • Karina Proaño,
  • Johanna Buitrón,
  • Maria J. Camacho,
  • Maria L. Inácio,
  • Carlos Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez

摘要

The genus Globodera comprises fourteen known species of sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, including two major potato pests worldwide, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis. They are a significant factor limiting potato production and tuber quality in main potato-growing regions across the globe. Yet, there is still a lack of updated information on the status of these plant parasitic nematodes in cultivated potato fields in Ecuador. In this work, a total of 181 samples collected from fourteen geographic localities in five major potato-growing areas of Ecuador were surveyed for the detection of potato cyst nematodes. A molecular integrative approach based on the conventional multiplex PCR analysis with species-specific primers and PCR direct sequencing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA)-genes provided a rapid identification at the species rank within the genus Globodera. The results indicate that the pale cyst nematode, G. pallida, is widespread across the main potato-growing regions of Ecuador, with an overall prevalence of 54.1%. Notably, G. pallida was the only Globodera species detected in the surveyed potato fields. Additionally, two rRNA gene regions (D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences and ITS rRNA) and partial sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b (cytb) gene of G. pallida from twenty-five Ecuadorian populations were also used to study the molecular evolution, genetic diversity and phylogeographic patterns. Bayesian inference (BI) trees for these ribosomal and mitochondrial molecular markers established phylogenetic relationships among the Andean-Ecuadorian and other worldwide populations. The high intraspecific variability of ITS and cytb markers together with their phylogenetic patterns suggest that the phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution are possibly the key of the adaptation to environmental changes as well as the diversification and speciation within the genus Globodera. Our phylogenetic findings based on the cytb gene suggest that the G. pallida populations from Ecuador have a unique origin, possibly from central-northern highlands of Peru, through anthropogenic activities.