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<p>Rising temperature and increasing CO₂ levels, leading to climate change, pose a threat to apricot production. Türkiye is one of the world's leading apricot producers, but suffers yearly crop losses due to the fungal pathogen <i>Neoscytalidium dimidiatum</i> (Penz.) Crous &amp; Slippers. This pathogen causes gummosis and canker diseases on apricot trees. In this study, the efficacy of some chemical and biological fungicides against <i>N. dimidiatum</i> was evaluated both under <i>in vitro</i> conditions and in the apple fruit bioassay. In addition, four distinct phytotron settings were used to test the effects of increasing CO₂ and temperature on fungicide efficacy: 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm CO₂ (26–30 °C). <i>In vitro</i> studies showed that all fungicides except phosphorous acid and copper-containing fungicides effectively inhibited mycelial growth of <i>N. dimidiatum</i>. In particular, the fungicides trifloxystrobin, thiophanate-methyl, and cyprodinil + fludioxonil proved to be particularly effective. All of the fungicides tested at different CO₂ concentrations, including phosphorous acid and copper-containing fungicides that were not effective <i>in vitro</i>, significantly reduced disease development compared to the control under all phytotron conditions. Nevertheless, an increase in CO₂ levels resulted in an expansion of the lesion area. Furthermore, the efficacy levels of certain fungicides exhibited variation depending on the phytotron conditions. However, these differences did not reduce the efficacy of the fungicides compared to the control. Atmospheric concentrations of CO₂ are predicted to double over the next century<i>.</i> However, the mechanisms by which and the extent to which increasing CO₂ and temperature conditions affect plant diseases are not fully understood. Given this context, the results suggest that high CO₂ concentrations and temperatures have an impact on plant disease management; thus, climate change may have important consequences for the severity and control strategies of pathogen-induced plant diseases.</p>

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Impact of elevated CO₂ and temperature on the effectiveness of chemical and biological fungicides against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月5日

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  • Erçin Oksal,
  • Murat Yıldız,
  • Mert Baran,
  • Hatice Diğdem Oksal

摘要

Rising temperature and increasing CO₂ levels, leading to climate change, pose a threat to apricot production. Türkiye is one of the world's leading apricot producers, but suffers yearly crop losses due to the fungal pathogen Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers. This pathogen causes gummosis and canker diseases on apricot trees. In this study, the efficacy of some chemical and biological fungicides against N. dimidiatum was evaluated both under in vitro conditions and in the apple fruit bioassay. In addition, four distinct phytotron settings were used to test the effects of increasing CO₂ and temperature on fungicide efficacy: 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm CO₂ (26–30 °C). In vitro studies showed that all fungicides except phosphorous acid and copper-containing fungicides effectively inhibited mycelial growth of N. dimidiatum. In particular, the fungicides trifloxystrobin, thiophanate-methyl, and cyprodinil + fludioxonil proved to be particularly effective. All of the fungicides tested at different CO₂ concentrations, including phosphorous acid and copper-containing fungicides that were not effective in vitro, significantly reduced disease development compared to the control under all phytotron conditions. Nevertheless, an increase in CO₂ levels resulted in an expansion of the lesion area. Furthermore, the efficacy levels of certain fungicides exhibited variation depending on the phytotron conditions. However, these differences did not reduce the efficacy of the fungicides compared to the control. Atmospheric concentrations of CO₂ are predicted to double over the next century. However, the mechanisms by which and the extent to which increasing CO₂ and temperature conditions affect plant diseases are not fully understood. Given this context, the results suggest that high CO₂ concentrations and temperatures have an impact on plant disease management; thus, climate change may have important consequences for the severity and control strategies of pathogen-induced plant diseases.