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<p>This study presents a novel dual-functional biocontrol strategy using culture filtrates (CFs) derived from <i>Filobasidium wieringae</i> and <i>Pichia kluyveri</i> to simultaneously suppress purple blotch disease caused by <i>Alternaria porri</i> and alleviate heavy metals (HMs) toxicity in onions cultivated in contaminated arid soils. <i>In vitro</i> assays demonstrated significant antifungal activity of the CFs, particularly their consortial formulation, through potent inhibition of mycelial growth and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes including cellulase, protease, lipase, chitinase, and pectinase. Greenhouse trials further validated the effectiveness of CFs, where treatment with consortia reduced disease severity, outperforming zinc nanoparticles, and markedly enhanced plant vigor. The application of CFs improved soil physicochemical properties-normalizing pH and electrical conductivity thereby decreasing HMs concentrations and their translocation to onion tissues. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed a rich profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with <i>P. kluyveri</i> producing a broader array than <i>F. wieringae</i>, including several antifungal and plant defense-eliciting compounds. Plants treated with CFs showed elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT), total phenolics, flavonoids, and proline, alongside significant upregulation of defense-related genes, suggesting strong systemic resistance activation. These findings highlight the synergistic capacity of yeast-derived CFs not only to control a major fungal pathogen but also to mitigate abiotic stress by improving nutrient availability and reducing HMs bioaccumulation. This integrative approach offers an ecologically sound and sustainable alternative to chemical interventions, paving the way for resilient crop production systems in degraded and contaminated agroecosystems.</p>

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Exploring smart solutions for stressed soils: dual-action of culture filtrates and nanoparticles for sustainable onion cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Maryam M. Alomran,
  • Hanan A. Khalifa,
  • Muhammad Saqib Bilal,
  • Atef F. Ahmed,
  • Esmat F. Ali,
  • Abeer S. Alqurashi,
  • Munirah F. Aldayel,
  • Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr

摘要

This study presents a novel dual-functional biocontrol strategy using culture filtrates (CFs) derived from Filobasidium wieringae and Pichia kluyveri to simultaneously suppress purple blotch disease caused by Alternaria porri and alleviate heavy metals (HMs) toxicity in onions cultivated in contaminated arid soils. In vitro assays demonstrated significant antifungal activity of the CFs, particularly their consortial formulation, through potent inhibition of mycelial growth and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes including cellulase, protease, lipase, chitinase, and pectinase. Greenhouse trials further validated the effectiveness of CFs, where treatment with consortia reduced disease severity, outperforming zinc nanoparticles, and markedly enhanced plant vigor. The application of CFs improved soil physicochemical properties-normalizing pH and electrical conductivity thereby decreasing HMs concentrations and their translocation to onion tissues. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed a rich profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with P. kluyveri producing a broader array than F. wieringae, including several antifungal and plant defense-eliciting compounds. Plants treated with CFs showed elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT), total phenolics, flavonoids, and proline, alongside significant upregulation of defense-related genes, suggesting strong systemic resistance activation. These findings highlight the synergistic capacity of yeast-derived CFs not only to control a major fungal pathogen but also to mitigate abiotic stress by improving nutrient availability and reducing HMs bioaccumulation. This integrative approach offers an ecologically sound and sustainable alternative to chemical interventions, paving the way for resilient crop production systems in degraded and contaminated agroecosystems.