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<p>Fusarium wilt, caused by <i>Fusarium oxyspo</i><i>rum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> (<i>Foc</i>), poses a major threat to global banana production. This study explores the antifungal potential of metabolites produced by the endophytic bacterium <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> PLLF2 against <i>Foc</i>. In dual culture antagonism assays, <i>B. subtilis</i> PLLF2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity (58.66%) compared to reference strains. Greenhouse conditions further demonstrated the efficacy of <i>B. subtilis</i> PLLF2 in suppressing Fusarium wilt and enhancing plant growth compared to untreated and pathogen inoculated controls. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed a broad spectrum of metabolites, including organic acids, nitrogen-containing compounds, and fatty acid derivatives. Molecular docking analysis identified strong interactions between these bacterial metabolites and key fungal proteins, with hippuric acid showing the highest binding affinity (-7.2&#xa0;kcal/mol) to the G-protein alpha subunit (FGA2). <i>In vitro</i> antifungal assays confirmed the efficacy of selected metabolites, with nonanol achieving complete growth inhibition at 500&#xa0;ppm, followed by hippuric acid at 1000&#xa0;ppm. Mucic acid also demonstrated significant antifungal activity with 91.11% inhibition at 1000&#xa0;ppm. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the mechanism of action of these metabolites and their potential application as sustainable biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt in banana cultivation.</p>

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Comparative analysis of antifungal activity of novel metabolites derived from endophytic Bacillus subtilis PLLF2 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • B. R. Ajesh,
  • P Renukadevi,
  • N Saranya,
  • S Varanavasiappan,
  • S Haripriya,
  • Suhail Ashraf,
  • Mohd Abul Kalam,
  • S Nakkeeran

摘要

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), poses a major threat to global banana production. This study explores the antifungal potential of metabolites produced by the endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis PLLF2 against Foc. In dual culture antagonism assays, B. subtilis PLLF2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity (58.66%) compared to reference strains. Greenhouse conditions further demonstrated the efficacy of B. subtilis PLLF2 in suppressing Fusarium wilt and enhancing plant growth compared to untreated and pathogen inoculated controls. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed a broad spectrum of metabolites, including organic acids, nitrogen-containing compounds, and fatty acid derivatives. Molecular docking analysis identified strong interactions between these bacterial metabolites and key fungal proteins, with hippuric acid showing the highest binding affinity (-7.2 kcal/mol) to the G-protein alpha subunit (FGA2). In vitro antifungal assays confirmed the efficacy of selected metabolites, with nonanol achieving complete growth inhibition at 500 ppm, followed by hippuric acid at 1000 ppm. Mucic acid also demonstrated significant antifungal activity with 91.11% inhibition at 1000 ppm. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the mechanism of action of these metabolites and their potential application as sustainable biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt in banana cultivation.