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<p>Soil-borne pathogens significantly contribute to yield reductions in tomato cultivation, causing considerable economic losses. While synthetic fungicides are widely used to manage these pathogens, their overuse threatens both ecological stability and the integrity of the food chain. In response, biocontrol agents, particularly those derived from unexplored ecological regions, are emerging as promising, sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential of native <i>Trichoderma</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> strains from the Northwestern Himalayas as biological control agents with growth-promoting effects on tomato plants, targeting key soil-borne pathogens. In vitro assays demonstrated that the selected strains exhibited strong antagonistic activity against <i>Pythium ultimum</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i>, and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>lycopersici</i>. Further biochemical analysis revealed the production of hydrogen cyanide on King's B medium and siderophores on Chrome Azurol S agar, confirming their antifungal properties. Microscopic and molecular identification validated that these belong to the <i>Trichoderma</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> genera. Glasshouse trials revealed <i>Aspergillus costaricensis</i> strain FA6 reduced disease incidence of <i>Pythium ultimum</i> (28.88%) and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>lycopersici</i> (33.33%), while <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i> strain FA1 managed <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> by 33.33%, and <i>Trichoderma lixii</i> strain FA2 reduced <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> by 33.33%. Notably, all fungal strains not only exhibited effective pathogen suppression but also enhanced seedling growth, along with seedling vigor, underlining their potential to promote tomato seedling growth. These findings suggest that native <i>Trichoderma</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> species from the Northwestern Himalayas could serve as effective, eco-friendly biocontrol agents for managing soil-borne tomato pathogens, offering a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides while supporting sustainable agricultural practices.</p>

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Evaluating native trichoderma and aspergillus species from the Northwestern Himalayas as antagonistic and growth promoting agents against soil-borne pathogens of tomato

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Bhardwaj S,
  • Chandel S

摘要

Soil-borne pathogens significantly contribute to yield reductions in tomato cultivation, causing considerable economic losses. While synthetic fungicides are widely used to manage these pathogens, their overuse threatens both ecological stability and the integrity of the food chain. In response, biocontrol agents, particularly those derived from unexplored ecological regions, are emerging as promising, sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential of native Trichoderma and Aspergillus strains from the Northwestern Himalayas as biological control agents with growth-promoting effects on tomato plants, targeting key soil-borne pathogens. In vitro assays demonstrated that the selected strains exhibited strong antagonistic activity against Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Further biochemical analysis revealed the production of hydrogen cyanide on King's B medium and siderophores on Chrome Azurol S agar, confirming their antifungal properties. Microscopic and molecular identification validated that these belong to the Trichoderma and Aspergillus genera. Glasshouse trials revealed Aspergillus costaricensis strain FA6 reduced disease incidence of Pythium ultimum (28.88%) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (33.33%), while Trichoderma atroviride strain FA1 managed Rhizoctonia solani by 33.33%, and Trichoderma lixii strain FA2 reduced Sclerotium rolfsii by 33.33%. Notably, all fungal strains not only exhibited effective pathogen suppression but also enhanced seedling growth, along with seedling vigor, underlining their potential to promote tomato seedling growth. These findings suggest that native Trichoderma and Aspergillus species from the Northwestern Himalayas could serve as effective, eco-friendly biocontrol agents for managing soil-borne tomato pathogens, offering a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides while supporting sustainable agricultural practices.