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<p>Bean rust, caused by <i>Uromyces appendiculatus</i>, threatens common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) production. The development of resistant varieties is an effective way to prevent and control bean rust. Yet, combining rust resistance genes often result in epistatic interactions, in which the effect of one allele on one gene hides the effect of the allele or of the gene. In this study, we used two populations to investigate the epistatic interactions between the <i>Ur-3</i> and <i>Ur-5</i> and <i>Ur-4</i> and <i>Ur-5</i> resistance genes for bean rust. The two populations were inoculated with four selected races of <i>U. appendiculatus</i>. The resistant reactions of the <i>Ur-3</i> and <i>Ur-4</i> genes were hypersensitive reactions (HR) characterized by necrotic spots. The resistance response of the <i>Ur-5</i> gene were tiny pustules (TP) with sporulation. Both populations exhibited a 12:3:1 segregation associated with epistasis. The HR reaction of <i>Ur-3</i> was epistatic to the TP reaction of <i>Ur-</i>5 and the TP reaction of <i>Ur-5</i> was epistatic to the HR reaction of <i>Ur-4</i>. Both epistatic interactions were confirmed by genotyping the populations with molecular markers tightly linked to each gene. These results suggest that complete dominant epistasis occurred on both gene pairs, but that one gene is epistatic to the other when dominant. This is the first comprehensive study to showing epistatic interactions between these rust resistant genes. These findings will help breeders develop common bean plants containing two or more epistatic rust resistance genes.</p>

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Unraveling the epistatic interactions of major rust resistance genes in common bean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Giseli Valentini,
  • Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales,
  • Oscar P. Hurtado-Gonzales,
  • Prabin Tamang,
  • Qijian Song

摘要

Bean rust, caused by Uromyces appendiculatus, threatens common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production. The development of resistant varieties is an effective way to prevent and control bean rust. Yet, combining rust resistance genes often result in epistatic interactions, in which the effect of one allele on one gene hides the effect of the allele or of the gene. In this study, we used two populations to investigate the epistatic interactions between the Ur-3 and Ur-5 and Ur-4 and Ur-5 resistance genes for bean rust. The two populations were inoculated with four selected races of U. appendiculatus. The resistant reactions of the Ur-3 and Ur-4 genes were hypersensitive reactions (HR) characterized by necrotic spots. The resistance response of the Ur-5 gene were tiny pustules (TP) with sporulation. Both populations exhibited a 12:3:1 segregation associated with epistasis. The HR reaction of Ur-3 was epistatic to the TP reaction of Ur-5 and the TP reaction of Ur-5 was epistatic to the HR reaction of Ur-4. Both epistatic interactions were confirmed by genotyping the populations with molecular markers tightly linked to each gene. These results suggest that complete dominant epistasis occurred on both gene pairs, but that one gene is epistatic to the other when dominant. This is the first comprehensive study to showing epistatic interactions between these rust resistant genes. These findings will help breeders develop common bean plants containing two or more epistatic rust resistance genes.