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<p><i>Gandoderma&#xa0;boninense</i> is the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) in oil palm, a major threat to global palm oil production. This study investigated the lignohemicellulose degradation mechanism involving degradation enzymes in oil palm wood and evaluated the potential use of benzoic acid (BA) to inhibit this process. We demonstrated that <i>G. boninense</i> significantly degrades lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which are the major components of oil palm wood, leading to substantial weight loss. <i>G. boninense</i> selectively degrades lignin at the beginning of infection and later degrades all lignohemicellulose components simultaneously. Treatment with BA mitigated these effects by reducing lignin loss by 55.77% and cellulose loss by 82.29% while decreasing the overall weight loss by 63.39%. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the BA-treated wood retained its structural integrity, resembling the untreated control. Additionally, BA treatment suppressed the growth of <i>G. boninense</i> and inhibited key ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, including lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), laccase (Lac), and cellulase. These findings not only provide insight into the lignohemicellulose degradation mechanism but also suggest that BA is a promising candidate for protecting oil palm wood from fungal degradation, offering a novel strategy for controlling BSR and paving the way for future research into its application in oil palm cultivation.</p>

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The mechanism of lignohemicellulose degradation of oil palm wood by Ganoderma boninense and its suppression by benzoic acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Rozi Fernanda,
  • Yasmeen Siddiqui

摘要

Gandoderma boninense is the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) in oil palm, a major threat to global palm oil production. This study investigated the lignohemicellulose degradation mechanism involving degradation enzymes in oil palm wood and evaluated the potential use of benzoic acid (BA) to inhibit this process. We demonstrated that G. boninense significantly degrades lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which are the major components of oil palm wood, leading to substantial weight loss. G. boninense selectively degrades lignin at the beginning of infection and later degrades all lignohemicellulose components simultaneously. Treatment with BA mitigated these effects by reducing lignin loss by 55.77% and cellulose loss by 82.29% while decreasing the overall weight loss by 63.39%. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the BA-treated wood retained its structural integrity, resembling the untreated control. Additionally, BA treatment suppressed the growth of G. boninense and inhibited key ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, including lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), laccase (Lac), and cellulase. These findings not only provide insight into the lignohemicellulose degradation mechanism but also suggest that BA is a promising candidate for protecting oil palm wood from fungal degradation, offering a novel strategy for controlling BSR and paving the way for future research into its application in oil palm cultivation.