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<p>The rust fungal pathogen <i>Cerotelium fici</i> infects mulberry (<i>Morus nigra</i>) and fig (<i>Ficus carica</i>), significantly impacting yields. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative susceptibility of these hosts to isolates of <i>C. fici</i> via cross-inoculations: <i>Morus nigra</i> isolate (CFM) and <i>Ficus carica</i> isolate (CFF) inoculated on both hosts. Evaluations were made for spore germination and appressoria formation on the leaf surface and the number and size of lesions, disease severity and sporulation. Urediniospore germination rates on the leaf surface ranged from 85.3% to 94.3%, with high appressoria formation rates observed for CFM on both hosts (53.2–55%), whereas CFF showed very low appressoria formation rate on <i>M. nigra</i> (3.5%). No lesions were formed in the CFF-<i>Morus nigra</i> combination. In the other combinations,, the lesion areas ranged from 2.44 to 3.04 mm<sup>2</sup>, with no statistical differences across pathogen-host combinations. Disease severity ranged from 18 to 20% in <i>F. carica</i>, independently of the inoculum origin. In the combination CFM- <i>M. nigra</i> disease severity was 4.2% and spore production per pustule was the greatest (3,295 spores). Conspecific combinations demonstrated a high compatibility, with <i>M. nigra</i> showing susceptibility to its native isolate (CFM) but complete resistance to CFF. Conversely, <i>F. carica</i> exhibited high susceptibility to both isolates, characterized by extensive lesions, rapid tissue colonization, and premature defoliation. These findings highlight host-specific responses and reinforce the pathogen’s potential to exploit alternate hosts under favorable conditions.</p>

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Comparative susceptibility of Ficus carica and Morus nigra to Cerotelium fici isolates in cross-inoculation studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月14日

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  • Lila Soares Lima,
  • Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte,
  • Lilian Amorim

摘要

The rust fungal pathogen Cerotelium fici infects mulberry (Morus nigra) and fig (Ficus carica), significantly impacting yields. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative susceptibility of these hosts to isolates of C. fici via cross-inoculations: Morus nigra isolate (CFM) and Ficus carica isolate (CFF) inoculated on both hosts. Evaluations were made for spore germination and appressoria formation on the leaf surface and the number and size of lesions, disease severity and sporulation. Urediniospore germination rates on the leaf surface ranged from 85.3% to 94.3%, with high appressoria formation rates observed for CFM on both hosts (53.2–55%), whereas CFF showed very low appressoria formation rate on M. nigra (3.5%). No lesions were formed in the CFF-Morus nigra combination. In the other combinations,, the lesion areas ranged from 2.44 to 3.04 mm2, with no statistical differences across pathogen-host combinations. Disease severity ranged from 18 to 20% in F. carica, independently of the inoculum origin. In the combination CFM- M. nigra disease severity was 4.2% and spore production per pustule was the greatest (3,295 spores). Conspecific combinations demonstrated a high compatibility, with M. nigra showing susceptibility to its native isolate (CFM) but complete resistance to CFF. Conversely, F. carica exhibited high susceptibility to both isolates, characterized by extensive lesions, rapid tissue colonization, and premature defoliation. These findings highlight host-specific responses and reinforce the pathogen’s potential to exploit alternate hosts under favorable conditions.