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<p>This study aimed to assess the occurrence of six neonicotinoids (NEO) residues in cotton and paddy cultivation agricultural soils. A&#xa0;Total&#xa0;of&#xa0;30 soil samples were collected by two different seasons from northwestern and southern zone of Tamil Nadu, India. Physicochemical properties such as soil texture, pH, organic content, lime, electrical conductivity, major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium), and minor nutrients (magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese) analysed. Followed by six NEO residue concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results revealed the presence of acetamiprid (ACE), clothianidin (CLD), dinotefuran (DTN), imidacloprid (IMI), thiamethoxam (THM), and thiacloprid (THD) in agricultural soils, with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.04&#xa0;µg/kg. Bacterial strain, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, was isolated from&#xa0;the collected soil samples&#xa0;for NEO degradation. Initially, the photodegradation (PD) and biodegradation (BD), photo-biodegradation (PBD) of NEO were tested in water at a concentration 0.1&#xa0;&#xa0;mg&#xa0;of NEO in 100&#xa0;mL and in soil at a concentration 0.5&#xa0;mg&#xa0;of NEO in one kilogram of soil. In PD and BD exhibited degradation efficiencies of 50%, but PBD exhibited degradation efficiency 90–93% by 48&#xa0;h. In soil, photo-bioremediation resulted in a maximum degradation efficiency of 90–93% by 12&#xa0;days. Additionally, NEO intermediate degradation products were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS, and a possible degradation pathway was proposed.</p>

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Occurrence and distribution of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural soils: synergistic photo-biodegradation by Bacillus subtilis and blue light emitting diodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Punniyakotti Elumalai,
  • Punniyakotti Parthipan,
  • Perumal Dhandapani,
  • Easwaran Madhu Sudhanan,
  • Velusamy Parthasarathy,
  • Palanivel Sathishkumar

摘要

This study aimed to assess the occurrence of six neonicotinoids (NEO) residues in cotton and paddy cultivation agricultural soils. A Total of 30 soil samples were collected by two different seasons from northwestern and southern zone of Tamil Nadu, India. Physicochemical properties such as soil texture, pH, organic content, lime, electrical conductivity, major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium), and minor nutrients (magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese) analysed. Followed by six NEO residue concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results revealed the presence of acetamiprid (ACE), clothianidin (CLD), dinotefuran (DTN), imidacloprid (IMI), thiamethoxam (THM), and thiacloprid (THD) in agricultural soils, with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.04 µg/kg. Bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis, was isolated from the collected soil samples for NEO degradation. Initially, the photodegradation (PD) and biodegradation (BD), photo-biodegradation (PBD) of NEO were tested in water at a concentration 0.1  mg of NEO in 100 mL and in soil at a concentration 0.5 mg of NEO in one kilogram of soil. In PD and BD exhibited degradation efficiencies of 50%, but PBD exhibited degradation efficiency 90–93% by 48 h. In soil, photo-bioremediation resulted in a maximum degradation efficiency of 90–93% by 12 days. Additionally, NEO intermediate degradation products were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS, and a possible degradation pathway was proposed.