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<p>Estuarine sediments are both critical sinks and potential secondary sources of heavy metals, with environmental risks determined not only by total concentrations but critically by geochemical speciation. The eastern Lingdingyang, a highly industrialized urban-estuarine interface in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, remains largely understudied despite decades of intense anthropogenic stress. This study analyzed total and 0.1&#xa0;M HCl-extractable labile concentrations of seven priority heavy metal(loid)s (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) in 132 surface sediment samples collected in the eastern coastal waters of Lingdingyang. Enrichment factor (EF) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models were applied for source apportionment, while an integrated risk framework coupling the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQG), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and a four-quadrant classification was employed to evaluate potential ecological and screening-level human health risks. Results revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity with marked north–south decreasing gradients for Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd, with hotspots concentrated in Jiaoyi Bay, Maozhou River estuary and adjacent Shajing–Fuyong Industrial Parks. Four major sources were quantified: PCB manufacturing and electroplating (38.2%), electronics and chemical industries (26.7%), historical coal combustion (18.5%), and natural lithogenic weathering (16.6%). Cd, Cu, and Zn exhibited high labile proportions and strong total-labile correlation. ~ 9.85% of stations were classified as priority control sites, with Cu dominating non-carcinogenic risks and Cd driving widespread potential carcinogenic risks. These findings fill a critical regional research gap and provide robust geochemical evidence for targeted pollution mitigation in industrialized coastal zones.</p>

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Spatial heterogeneity, ecological and health risks of heavy metals in surface sediments from the eastern coastal waters of Lingdingyang, China: source identification and acid-extractable labile fraction insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Huayang Gan,
  • Haijun He

摘要

Estuarine sediments are both critical sinks and potential secondary sources of heavy metals, with environmental risks determined not only by total concentrations but critically by geochemical speciation. The eastern Lingdingyang, a highly industrialized urban-estuarine interface in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, remains largely understudied despite decades of intense anthropogenic stress. This study analyzed total and 0.1 M HCl-extractable labile concentrations of seven priority heavy metal(loid)s (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) in 132 surface sediment samples collected in the eastern coastal waters of Lingdingyang. Enrichment factor (EF) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models were applied for source apportionment, while an integrated risk framework coupling the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQG), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and a four-quadrant classification was employed to evaluate potential ecological and screening-level human health risks. Results revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity with marked north–south decreasing gradients for Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd, with hotspots concentrated in Jiaoyi Bay, Maozhou River estuary and adjacent Shajing–Fuyong Industrial Parks. Four major sources were quantified: PCB manufacturing and electroplating (38.2%), electronics and chemical industries (26.7%), historical coal combustion (18.5%), and natural lithogenic weathering (16.6%). Cd, Cu, and Zn exhibited high labile proportions and strong total-labile correlation. ~ 9.85% of stations were classified as priority control sites, with Cu dominating non-carcinogenic risks and Cd driving widespread potential carcinogenic risks. These findings fill a critical regional research gap and provide robust geochemical evidence for targeted pollution mitigation in industrialized coastal zones.