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<p>Mining activities cause soil heavy metal accumulation, nutrient imbalance, and ecological degradation. Bryophytes, as pioneer plants, have potential for ecological indication and heavy metal enrichment, yet their response mechanisms to environmental gradients in mining areas remain unclear. We investigated five functional zones in a typical lead–zinc mining area of Southwest China’s karst region, using NMDS, CCA, Mantel tests, PLS‑PM to elucidate relationships among soil environment, bryophyte community, functional traits, and heavy metal enrichment. Soil heavy metal concentrations ranked: ore washing area &gt; mining area &gt; ore stockpiling area &gt; waste rock area &gt; control area. Soil TOC, TN, and pH were negatively correlated with heavy metals. We recorded 48 bryophyte species (29 genera, 11 families), dominated by Pottiaceae and Bryaceae. In polluted areas, bryophyte richness and functional diversity were significantly reduced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and negatively correlated with heavy metals. Bryophytes selectively enriched As, Cd, Zn, and Pb (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05); As, Cd, and Zn were highest in the ore washing area, while Pb was high in ore washing and mining areas. Under heavy metal stress, defensive traits (long rhizoids, leaf papillae, high antioxidant activity) dominated, whereas growth‑related traits (large leaf area, tall shoots, high chlorophyll) prevailed in the control area. PLS‑PM revealed that species diversity negatively affected enrichment, whereas functional diversity positively regulated it. This study elucidates trait‑mediated mechanisms of bryophyte adaptation and heavy metal enrichment, providing a theoretical basis for ecological restoration in mining areas.</p>

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Drivers of moss community assembly and heavy metal accumulation in a lead-zinc mining area

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Min Cao,
  • Chengyi Li,
  • Zhaohui Zhang,
  • Zhihui Wang

摘要

Mining activities cause soil heavy metal accumulation, nutrient imbalance, and ecological degradation. Bryophytes, as pioneer plants, have potential for ecological indication and heavy metal enrichment, yet their response mechanisms to environmental gradients in mining areas remain unclear. We investigated five functional zones in a typical lead–zinc mining area of Southwest China’s karst region, using NMDS, CCA, Mantel tests, PLS‑PM to elucidate relationships among soil environment, bryophyte community, functional traits, and heavy metal enrichment. Soil heavy metal concentrations ranked: ore washing area > mining area > ore stockpiling area > waste rock area > control area. Soil TOC, TN, and pH were negatively correlated with heavy metals. We recorded 48 bryophyte species (29 genera, 11 families), dominated by Pottiaceae and Bryaceae. In polluted areas, bryophyte richness and functional diversity were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with heavy metals. Bryophytes selectively enriched As, Cd, Zn, and Pb (P < 0.05); As, Cd, and Zn were highest in the ore washing area, while Pb was high in ore washing and mining areas. Under heavy metal stress, defensive traits (long rhizoids, leaf papillae, high antioxidant activity) dominated, whereas growth‑related traits (large leaf area, tall shoots, high chlorophyll) prevailed in the control area. PLS‑PM revealed that species diversity negatively affected enrichment, whereas functional diversity positively regulated it. This study elucidates trait‑mediated mechanisms of bryophyte adaptation and heavy metal enrichment, providing a theoretical basis for ecological restoration in mining areas.