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<p>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widely distributed in aquatic environments due to their persistence and bioaccumulative nature. This study investigates seasonal dynamics and sediment–water exchange of POPs in the Sarayu River, Ayodhya, India. Water and sediment samples from eleven ghats were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods in 2024. ΣPCBs ranged from &lt; 10 to 91.56&#xa0;ng&#xa0;L⁻<sup>1</sup> in water and &lt; 10 to 106.62&#xa0;ng&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> dw in sediments during pre-monsoon and &lt; 10 to 74.36&#xa0;ng&#xa0;L⁻<sup>1</sup> and &lt; 10 to 99.56&#xa0;ng&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>&#xa0;dw during post-monsoon. ΣOCPs ranged from &lt; 10 to 206&#xa0;ng&#xa0;L⁻<sup>1</sup> in water and &lt; 10 to 310&#xa0;ng&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>dw in sediments. PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180 dominated PCB profiles, while β-HCH, p,p′-DDT and Endosulfan I were the major pesticides. Elevated concentrations at Svargadvara and Naya Ghat indicate localized anthropogenic inputs. Partition coefficients (Kd values close to unity) indicate moderate sediment sorption and dynamic sediment–water exchange. These findings provide the first baseline evidence of POP contamination in the Sarayu River and emphasize the need for long-term monitoring and pollution control strategies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Monsoon-driven seasonal dynamics and sediment–water exchange of persistent organic pollutants in the Sarayu River, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Chandra Prakash Chaudhary,
  • Akhilesh Singh,
  • Shiwani Singhal,
  • Abhishek Singh,
  • Sanjeev Kumar Mishra,
  • Sajid Ali,
  • Ritu Chauhan

摘要

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widely distributed in aquatic environments due to their persistence and bioaccumulative nature. This study investigates seasonal dynamics and sediment–water exchange of POPs in the Sarayu River, Ayodhya, India. Water and sediment samples from eleven ghats were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods in 2024. ΣPCBs ranged from < 10 to 91.56 ng L⁻1 in water and < 10 to 106.62 ng g⁻1 dw in sediments during pre-monsoon and < 10 to 74.36 ng L⁻1 and < 10 to 99.56 ng g⁻1 dw during post-monsoon. ΣOCPs ranged from < 10 to 206 ng L⁻1 in water and < 10 to 310 ng g⁻1dw in sediments. PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180 dominated PCB profiles, while β-HCH, p,p′-DDT and Endosulfan I were the major pesticides. Elevated concentrations at Svargadvara and Naya Ghat indicate localized anthropogenic inputs. Partition coefficients (Kd values close to unity) indicate moderate sediment sorption and dynamic sediment–water exchange. These findings provide the first baseline evidence of POP contamination in the Sarayu River and emphasize the need for long-term monitoring and pollution control strategies.

Graphical Abstract