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<p>River networks are critical pathways for antibiotic discharge and the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of AMR in sediments of the Qiantang river estuary, a typical transitional zone between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Seven sampling sites were strategically established along the estuary. Major antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) classes, including multidrug, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, bacitracin, and macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes were analyzed. Nine high-risk Rank I ARG subtypes were identified, with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) emerging as a key mechanism for ARG dissemination. A strong positive correlation between ARG abundance and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.856, Pearson’s r = 0.925), highlighting the role of transposons and integrons in facilitating ARG propagation within sedimentary microbial communities. Sediment bacterial hosts, particularly Proteobacteria (e.g., <i>Phenylobacterium</i>, <i>Thioalkalivibrio</i>, <i>Cupriavidus</i>) and Chloroflexi (e.g., <i>Anaerolinea</i>), were strongly associated with Risk Rank I genes such as <i>aac</i>(3)-I and <i>aac</i>(3)-IV, encoding aminoglycoside acetyltransferases (AACs). The co-occurrence patterns of ARGs with hosts and human pathogens in sediments suggest that ARG subtypes such as <i>golS</i>, <i>ompR</i>, and <i>ksgA</i> are most closely related to their hosts. Notably, antibiotic concentrations in water and sediments correlated positively with both MGEs and ARG diversity, emphasizing the synergistic effects of anthropogenic pollutants. This study provides new insights into the occurrence and transmission of ARGs in estuarine environments and offer an omics-based assessment strategy for the public health risks associated with AMR.</p>

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Spatiotemporal distribution and host association of antibiotic resistance genes in sediment of Qiantang river basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Qiannan Jin,
  • Jie Li,
  • Yantan Zhou,
  • Guangqian Zhao,
  • Yuhan Jiang,
  • Na Cheng,
  • Lifang Hu

摘要

River networks are critical pathways for antibiotic discharge and the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of AMR in sediments of the Qiantang river estuary, a typical transitional zone between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Seven sampling sites were strategically established along the estuary. Major antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) classes, including multidrug, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, bacitracin, and macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes were analyzed. Nine high-risk Rank I ARG subtypes were identified, with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) emerging as a key mechanism for ARG dissemination. A strong positive correlation between ARG abundance and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (R2 = 0.856, Pearson’s r = 0.925), highlighting the role of transposons and integrons in facilitating ARG propagation within sedimentary microbial communities. Sediment bacterial hosts, particularly Proteobacteria (e.g., Phenylobacterium, Thioalkalivibrio, Cupriavidus) and Chloroflexi (e.g., Anaerolinea), were strongly associated with Risk Rank I genes such as aac(3)-I and aac(3)-IV, encoding aminoglycoside acetyltransferases (AACs). The co-occurrence patterns of ARGs with hosts and human pathogens in sediments suggest that ARG subtypes such as golS, ompR, and ksgA are most closely related to their hosts. Notably, antibiotic concentrations in water and sediments correlated positively with both MGEs and ARG diversity, emphasizing the synergistic effects of anthropogenic pollutants. This study provides new insights into the occurrence and transmission of ARGs in estuarine environments and offer an omics-based assessment strategy for the public health risks associated with AMR.