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<p>In the present study, the silver-doped surgical mask-based activated carbon composite (SMAC-Ag) was prepared via co-precipitation and used for 4-nitrophenol (4NP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4DCP), which has not been previously reported in the literature. The SEM images of SMAC-Ag showed that the fibre morphology was doped with Ag. The results of the BET revealed a surface area of 272&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g and pore volume of 0.284&#xa0;cm<sup>3</sup>/g for the composite. The batch experiments demonstrate the superior adsorption performance for both adsorbates. Further, the investigational data were analysed using both linear and nonlinear adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Among these, the nonlinear Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO) provided a better fit than the linear approaches. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities were about 193.35 and 142.89&#xa0;mg/g for 4NP and 2,4DCP, respectively. The thermodynamic study revealed that the negative ΔH° values obtained for both adsorbates indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic. The kinetic modelling results indicated that the adsorption process follows the PSO model, suggesting that chemisorption may play a dominant role. Moreover, the prepared composite could be reused for up to three cycles. Further, antibacterial activity was assessed against gram-positive and negative microbes, and the results showed that SMAC-Ag has good antibacterial activity. The preliminary toxicity of the SMAC-Ag was evaluated using <i>Artemia salina</i> lethality assay and the results showed 7% mortality at 10&#xa0;µg/mL. These findings demonstrate that the SMAC-Ag composite is a promising and efficient adsorbent for the removal of 4NP and 24DCP from aquatic systems.</p>

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Removal of pharmaceutical intermediates using biomedical waste-surgical mask derived mesoporous activated carbon-silver composite and antibacterial applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月4日

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  • Utaiyachandran Manojkumar,
  • Durairaj Kaliannan,
  • Sonasivam Paramasivam,
  • Palaninaicker Senthilkumar,
  • Satrio Kuntolaksono

摘要

In the present study, the silver-doped surgical mask-based activated carbon composite (SMAC-Ag) was prepared via co-precipitation and used for 4-nitrophenol (4NP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4DCP), which has not been previously reported in the literature. The SEM images of SMAC-Ag showed that the fibre morphology was doped with Ag. The results of the BET revealed a surface area of 272 m2/g and pore volume of 0.284 cm3/g for the composite. The batch experiments demonstrate the superior adsorption performance for both adsorbates. Further, the investigational data were analysed using both linear and nonlinear adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Among these, the nonlinear Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO) provided a better fit than the linear approaches. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities were about 193.35 and 142.89 mg/g for 4NP and 2,4DCP, respectively. The thermodynamic study revealed that the negative ΔH° values obtained for both adsorbates indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic. The kinetic modelling results indicated that the adsorption process follows the PSO model, suggesting that chemisorption may play a dominant role. Moreover, the prepared composite could be reused for up to three cycles. Further, antibacterial activity was assessed against gram-positive and negative microbes, and the results showed that SMAC-Ag has good antibacterial activity. The preliminary toxicity of the SMAC-Ag was evaluated using Artemia salina lethality assay and the results showed 7% mortality at 10 µg/mL. These findings demonstrate that the SMAC-Ag composite is a promising and efficient adsorbent for the removal of 4NP and 24DCP from aquatic systems.