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<p>Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), a metal-free polymeric semiconductor, has attracted increasing attention for photocatalytic and biomedical applications due to its visible-light responsiveness, tunable electronic structure, and chemical robustness. However, its practical utility remains constrained by poor crystallinity, limited active surface sites, and rapid electron–hole recombination. In this study, a facile one-step calcination strategy was employed to synthesize highly crystalline, non-metal-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanostructures with enhanced physicochemical properties. Structural and optical characterizations revealed improved crystallinity, expanded surface area, defect-rich architecture, and extended visible-light absorption. These features significantly boosted the photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Reactive Blue 222, achieving up to 89% removal within 90&#xa0;min under visible light, with the degradation kinetics following a pseudo-first-order model (k = 0.97&#xa0;min⁻<sup>1</sup>). Beyond environmental remediation, the modified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> also demonstrated notable anticancer activity against HCT-15 (colon cancer) cell lines. Cytotoxicity assays revealed concentration-dependent inhibition, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 7.10&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively, indicating its potential as a photodynamically active nanomaterial for cancer therapy. The dual functionality of visible-light-driven photocatalysis and selective anticancer activity underscores the potential of engineered g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as a sustainable platform for integrated environmental and biomedical applications.</p>

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Nonmetal-Doped High-Crystalline g-C3N4 Nanostructures for Visible-Light-Driven Pollutant Degradation and Biomedical Applications on anticancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Qiang Xue,
  • Li Cao

摘要

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a metal-free polymeric semiconductor, has attracted increasing attention for photocatalytic and biomedical applications due to its visible-light responsiveness, tunable electronic structure, and chemical robustness. However, its practical utility remains constrained by poor crystallinity, limited active surface sites, and rapid electron–hole recombination. In this study, a facile one-step calcination strategy was employed to synthesize highly crystalline, non-metal-doped g-C3N4 nanostructures with enhanced physicochemical properties. Structural and optical characterizations revealed improved crystallinity, expanded surface area, defect-rich architecture, and extended visible-light absorption. These features significantly boosted the photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Reactive Blue 222, achieving up to 89% removal within 90 min under visible light, with the degradation kinetics following a pseudo-first-order model (k = 0.97 min⁻1). Beyond environmental remediation, the modified g-C3N4 also demonstrated notable anticancer activity against HCT-15 (colon cancer) cell lines. Cytotoxicity assays revealed concentration-dependent inhibition, with IC50 values of 7.10 µg/mL, respectively, indicating its potential as a photodynamically active nanomaterial for cancer therapy. The dual functionality of visible-light-driven photocatalysis and selective anticancer activity underscores the potential of engineered g-C3N4 as a sustainable platform for integrated environmental and biomedical applications.