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<p>PAHs and phthalates co-exposure may contribute to insulin resistance (IR), but evidence remains limited. In this repeated-measure pilot study of 127 Chinese adults, we assessed urinary metabolites of PAHs and phthalates and five IR surrogate indicators. During each survey, first-morning urine samples were obtained for 4 consecutive days and fasting blood was drawn on the 4th day. We determined 10 urinary PAH metabolites and 10 urinary phthalate metabolites by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (GC–MS/MS). Linear mixed-effects models (LMEs), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were applied to explore the individual and overall association. After multivariate adjustments, positive associations were found between summed hydroxyfluorene (∑OHFlu), mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and summed phthalates at lag 0&#xa0;day with one or more of the 5 IR surrogate indices (all <i>P</i>-FDR &lt; 0.05). BKMR and WQS models further revealed that co-exposure to PAHs or/and phthalates mixture was linked to increased surrogate indices of IR, and ∑OHFlu, MiBP, and MnBP were major contributors. Our finding provided novel clues for elevated IR surrogate indicators associated with PAHs and phthalates co-exposure, and highlighted the importance of further monitoring and controlling PAHs and phthalates pollution to prevent the progression of IR.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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The association of co-exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalates with surrogate indicators of insulin resistance: a panel study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Sha You,
  • Lin Liu,
  • Min Xiang,
  • Lei Zhao,
  • Wenting Guo,
  • Xiaomin Zhang,
  • Rui Zhu,
  • Liangle Yang

摘要

PAHs and phthalates co-exposure may contribute to insulin resistance (IR), but evidence remains limited. In this repeated-measure pilot study of 127 Chinese adults, we assessed urinary metabolites of PAHs and phthalates and five IR surrogate indicators. During each survey, first-morning urine samples were obtained for 4 consecutive days and fasting blood was drawn on the 4th day. We determined 10 urinary PAH metabolites and 10 urinary phthalate metabolites by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (GC–MS/MS). Linear mixed-effects models (LMEs), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were applied to explore the individual and overall association. After multivariate adjustments, positive associations were found between summed hydroxyfluorene (∑OHFlu), mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and summed phthalates at lag 0 day with one or more of the 5 IR surrogate indices (all P-FDR < 0.05). BKMR and WQS models further revealed that co-exposure to PAHs or/and phthalates mixture was linked to increased surrogate indices of IR, and ∑OHFlu, MiBP, and MnBP were major contributors. Our finding provided novel clues for elevated IR surrogate indicators associated with PAHs and phthalates co-exposure, and highlighted the importance of further monitoring and controlling PAHs and phthalates pollution to prevent the progression of IR.

Graphical abstract