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<p>Coal fire sponge (CFS) is a sponge-like pollutant commonly found in areas affected by coal fires. This study investigated the concentrations of heavy metals in CFSs and nearby soils in the Wuda Coalfield. Inner Mongolia. Studies of the sources and functions of heavy metals in CFSs and their impacts on the surroundings were conducted. The concentrations of Hg, Cd, As, Cr, and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results revealed that the concentrations of Hg (16.83&#xa0;μg/g), As (30.32&#xa0;μg/g), Cd (11.7&#xa0;μg/g), Cr (185.99&#xa0;μg/g), and Zn (795.06&#xa0;μg/g) in CFSs were significantly higher than those in background samples, which indicates that CFSs have become a significant point source of heavy metal pollution in the region. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified four possible sources of heavy metals in CFSs: coal-gangue accumulation, underground coal fires, combined industrial and traffic emissions, and natural geogenic inputs.Underground coal fires were the primary contributors, accounting for 43.6% of the total heavy metals. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that Cd and Hg were the dominant potential risk factors, with CFSs exhibiting levels ranging from heavily to extremely contaminated. CFSs not only effectively capture heavy metals from coal-fire emissions, but also serve as natural collectors of coal-fire pollutants, providing a convenient resource to study the chemical composition of coal-fire smoke. </p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Heavy metals in coal fire sponges in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Guiyu Wu,
  • Xiuping Hong,
  • Lichao Zhang,
  • Fei Liu,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Yingying Zhang

摘要

Coal fire sponge (CFS) is a sponge-like pollutant commonly found in areas affected by coal fires. This study investigated the concentrations of heavy metals in CFSs and nearby soils in the Wuda Coalfield. Inner Mongolia. Studies of the sources and functions of heavy metals in CFSs and their impacts on the surroundings were conducted. The concentrations of Hg, Cd, As, Cr, and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results revealed that the concentrations of Hg (16.83 μg/g), As (30.32 μg/g), Cd (11.7 μg/g), Cr (185.99 μg/g), and Zn (795.06 μg/g) in CFSs were significantly higher than those in background samples, which indicates that CFSs have become a significant point source of heavy metal pollution in the region. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified four possible sources of heavy metals in CFSs: coal-gangue accumulation, underground coal fires, combined industrial and traffic emissions, and natural geogenic inputs.Underground coal fires were the primary contributors, accounting for 43.6% of the total heavy metals. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that Cd and Hg were the dominant potential risk factors, with CFSs exhibiting levels ranging from heavily to extremely contaminated. CFSs not only effectively capture heavy metals from coal-fire emissions, but also serve as natural collectors of coal-fire pollutants, providing a convenient resource to study the chemical composition of coal-fire smoke.

Graphical abstract