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<p>Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their stoichiometry are vital indicators of ecosystem nutrient status and biogeochemical cycling. Vegetation restoration is a key strategy for reviving degraded mining ecosystems, yet how different vegetation types regulate soil C, N, P balance remains insufficiently understood. To address this gap, we collected 156 soil samples (0–60&#xa0;cm) under 12 vegetation types, including artificial (rice, maize, soybean, and flat peach) and natural (grassland, herbaceous swamp, bushland, shrub swamp, red pine, scots pine, larch, and poplar) vegetation, in typical coal-mining areas of Northeast China. Results revealed significant differences between artificial and natural vegetation. Soils under rice and maize had the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (24.91 and 25.10&#xa0;g/kg) and total nitrogen (TN) (1.83 and 1.70&#xa0;g/kg), about 114–116% and 73–87% higher than those under bushland (SOC: 11.63&#xa0;g/kg, TN: 0.98&#xa0;g/kg). The average total phosphorus content (0.69&#xa0;g/kg) and soil C/N ratio (14.03) in the study area both exceeded the national averages (0.38&#xa0;g/kg and 11.9, respectively), whereas other soil nutrients remained below national averages. The SOC was closely related to soil pH and moisture content. Longitude, soil temperature, and soil moisture also correlated with soil C, N, P and their stoichiometry. Our findings demonstrate that rice, maize, and larch are the most effective vegetation types for enhancing soil C, N, P contents and stabilizing stoichiometric balance, advancing the understanding of vegetation–soil nutrient interactions and offering clear guidance for targeted restoration in degraded coal-mining areas.</p>

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Variations in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents and stoichiometry across natural and artificial vegetation types in Qitaihe City, Northeast China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月20日

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  • Chen Yang,
  • Guocan Zhang,
  • Jihong Li,
  • Bing Yu

摘要

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their stoichiometry are vital indicators of ecosystem nutrient status and biogeochemical cycling. Vegetation restoration is a key strategy for reviving degraded mining ecosystems, yet how different vegetation types regulate soil C, N, P balance remains insufficiently understood. To address this gap, we collected 156 soil samples (0–60 cm) under 12 vegetation types, including artificial (rice, maize, soybean, and flat peach) and natural (grassland, herbaceous swamp, bushland, shrub swamp, red pine, scots pine, larch, and poplar) vegetation, in typical coal-mining areas of Northeast China. Results revealed significant differences between artificial and natural vegetation. Soils under rice and maize had the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (24.91 and 25.10 g/kg) and total nitrogen (TN) (1.83 and 1.70 g/kg), about 114–116% and 73–87% higher than those under bushland (SOC: 11.63 g/kg, TN: 0.98 g/kg). The average total phosphorus content (0.69 g/kg) and soil C/N ratio (14.03) in the study area both exceeded the national averages (0.38 g/kg and 11.9, respectively), whereas other soil nutrients remained below national averages. The SOC was closely related to soil pH and moisture content. Longitude, soil temperature, and soil moisture also correlated with soil C, N, P and their stoichiometry. Our findings demonstrate that rice, maize, and larch are the most effective vegetation types for enhancing soil C, N, P contents and stabilizing stoichiometric balance, advancing the understanding of vegetation–soil nutrient interactions and offering clear guidance for targeted restoration in degraded coal-mining areas.