<p>Fuyang, the largest city in Anhui Province, primarily uses groundwater for its industrial, agricultural, and domestic needs. Herein, we analyzed 42 centralized groundwater (drinking water) sources in Fuyang City (with 84 groundwater samples), and evaluated their chemical characteristics and their impact on human health regarding water quality. The statistical analysis and Piper’s trilinear diagram were used to investigate the chemical composition and class type of water. A Gibbs diagram and correlation analysis method were also used to examine the chemical origins of water, as well as a framework for evaluating the human health risks associated with groundwater contamination through a groundwater health risk assessment model. The results indicated that the groundwater (drinking) in Fuyang City’s centralized groundwater source mostly contains Na⁺ cations, HCO₃⁻ anion ions, and HCO₃-Na chemical species. A correlation analysis and the Gibbs diagram have demonstrated that the hydro-chemical composition of groundwater in centralized groundwater sources in Fuyangis affected not only by rock weathering and evaporation but also by external factors such as overexploitation. The results of the water quality evaluation revealed that 6 groundwater source areas meet the standards for Class III water, 23 for Class IV water, and 13 for Class V water. It has been demonstrated that several excess factors generate toxicity, including SO₄²⁻,Cl⁻, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺, F⁻, B³⁺, and TDS. According to the health risk evaluation findings, ground-sourced fluoride can pose a health risk to children and adults.</p>