<p>Bedload in meandering–anabranching rivers is not transported uniformly but organized into narrow transport pathways. However, the response of these pathways to the combined effects of vegetation and discharge remains poorly constrained, owing to the nonlinear feedbacks among flow hydrodynamics, bedload transport, and vegetation-induced roughness, as well as the scarcity of high-resolution experimental observations capable of resolving these interactions. This study presents large-scale fixed-bed flume experiments to examine the formation, width, intensity, and pulsation of bedload transport pathways under varied discharges (<i>Q</i> = 55–90 L/s) and vegetation cover densities (<i>Φ</i> = 0–0.08). Results show that pathways consistently deflect toward convex banks at bifurcations and extend downstream, but their geometry differs markedly between branches. In the main branch, pathways broaden with increasing discharge and vegetation density, whereas in the vegetated branch they contract and align with vegetation edges. Vegetation thereby accentuates pathway asymmetry by strengthening main-branch dominance. Transport intensity concentrates within these pathways, and intermittency analysis shows that the main branch sustains stronger and more variable pulses, particularly at high flow and dense vegetation. Relative importance analysis further demonstrates that vegetation exerts greater control than discharge on the widths of individual pathways, while discharge governs the total system-wide expansion. These findings highlight that bedload transport is organized into distinct pathways rather than dispersed flows, and that vegetation–flow interactions fundamentally shape their spatial development and temporal variability. The results provide new insights into sediment partitioning and inform strategies for eco-hydraulic river management.</p>