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<p>Copper (Cu) is a widespread aquatic contaminant, but the integrated intestinal responses of adult zebrafish to sub-chronic waterborne Cu exposure remain insufficiently characterized. Adult zebrafish (initial body weight, 0.29 ± 0.02&#xa0;g; total length, 3.11 ± 0.15&#xa0;cm) were exposed for 14 days to nominal Cu concentrations of 0, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16&#xa0;mg/L, and terminal growth, intestinal Cu accumulation, histopathology, and gut microbiota were evaluated. Compared with the control, terminal body weight decreased significantly in the medium- and high-exposure groups by 7.07% and 6.86%, respectively (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas body length was not significantly affected. Intestinal Cu burden increased markedly with exposure concentration. Histological analysis revealed epithelial disruption, villus/fold injury, vacuolization, necrosis, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration, with more severe lesions in the medium- and high-exposure groups. 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing indicated Cu-associated restructuring of the gut microbiota. Richness indices (ACE and Chao1) decreased in the medium- and high-exposure groups, whereas Shannon and Simpson indices showed a non-monotonic response. At the genus level, Cetobacterium increased under low and medium Cu exposure but declined under high exposure, Lactococcus was mainly enriched in the medium-exposure group, and Pseudomonas decreased across Cu-exposed groups. Overall, sub-chronic Cu exposure induced intestinal Cu accumulation, tissue injury, and gut microbial dysbiosis in adult zebrafish, supporting the intestine as a sensitive target of Cu toxicity.</p>

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Sub-chronic copper exposure alters growth performance, intestinal histopathology, and intestinal microbiota in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Yaping Wang,
  • Yaqian Fu,
  • Xuyang Zhai,
  • Chang Dong,
  • Mengdie Yang,
  • Ziyi Huang,
  • Fei Liu

摘要

Copper (Cu) is a widespread aquatic contaminant, but the integrated intestinal responses of adult zebrafish to sub-chronic waterborne Cu exposure remain insufficiently characterized. Adult zebrafish (initial body weight, 0.29 ± 0.02 g; total length, 3.11 ± 0.15 cm) were exposed for 14 days to nominal Cu concentrations of 0, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16 mg/L, and terminal growth, intestinal Cu accumulation, histopathology, and gut microbiota were evaluated. Compared with the control, terminal body weight decreased significantly in the medium- and high-exposure groups by 7.07% and 6.86%, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas body length was not significantly affected. Intestinal Cu burden increased markedly with exposure concentration. Histological analysis revealed epithelial disruption, villus/fold injury, vacuolization, necrosis, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration, with more severe lesions in the medium- and high-exposure groups. 16 S rRNA sequencing indicated Cu-associated restructuring of the gut microbiota. Richness indices (ACE and Chao1) decreased in the medium- and high-exposure groups, whereas Shannon and Simpson indices showed a non-monotonic response. At the genus level, Cetobacterium increased under low and medium Cu exposure but declined under high exposure, Lactococcus was mainly enriched in the medium-exposure group, and Pseudomonas decreased across Cu-exposed groups. Overall, sub-chronic Cu exposure induced intestinal Cu accumulation, tissue injury, and gut microbial dysbiosis in adult zebrafish, supporting the intestine as a sensitive target of Cu toxicity.