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<p>The toxic effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in non-target organisms are well documented due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. However, there are limited and sporadic compilations that could provide a comprehensive overview with respect to free-ranging herbivorous artiodactyls. Given their trophic position, broader habitat occupancy and increased susceptibility to contamination, they are widely considered as bioindicators of OCP contamination. Key aspects addressed in this review are: (i) global research on artiodactyls related to OCP contamination, (ii) variation in OCP accumulation relative to gender, age, tissue, and season, and (iii) the potential of artiodactyls as indicators with a focus on biomarker investigations. Globally, OCP contamination in artiodactyls has been documented across European nations, Russia, South Africa, and parts of Asia, driven by historic use and local practices. Residues of DDT exceeding 100 ng/g were reported in tissues of artiodactyls from European countries and South Africa. HCH, endosulfan, HCB, dioxins, and aldrin have also been detected in atriodactyl populations from different regions. Sex-specific accumulation patterns correlate with reproductive stages, where females exhibited higher OCP residue levels. Due to lifetime exposure, older individuals tend to accumulate higher levels of residues, while juveniles are also seemingly being exposed to contaminants through maternal transfer and immature detox metabolism. It was inferred that OCPs accumulated primarily in fat, liver, and bone marrow tissues. Seasonal variations are impacted by changes in fat reserves, temperature-dependent pesticide variations, and associated physiological factors. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers provide insights into varied exposure and metabolic conditions. This review highlights the need for standardized approaches to advance ecotoxicological research, including comprehensive environmental monitoring, adoption of ecological risk assessment, and novel techniques to mitigate the toxic impacts of pesticide residues on wildlife in general and artiodactyls of conservation significance specifically.</p>

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Organochlorine Pesticides in Wildlife: Global Ecotoxicological Insights on Artiodactyls

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Priyanka Jena,
  • B. Anjan Kumar Prusty

摘要

The toxic effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in non-target organisms are well documented due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. However, there are limited and sporadic compilations that could provide a comprehensive overview with respect to free-ranging herbivorous artiodactyls. Given their trophic position, broader habitat occupancy and increased susceptibility to contamination, they are widely considered as bioindicators of OCP contamination. Key aspects addressed in this review are: (i) global research on artiodactyls related to OCP contamination, (ii) variation in OCP accumulation relative to gender, age, tissue, and season, and (iii) the potential of artiodactyls as indicators with a focus on biomarker investigations. Globally, OCP contamination in artiodactyls has been documented across European nations, Russia, South Africa, and parts of Asia, driven by historic use and local practices. Residues of DDT exceeding 100 ng/g were reported in tissues of artiodactyls from European countries and South Africa. HCH, endosulfan, HCB, dioxins, and aldrin have also been detected in atriodactyl populations from different regions. Sex-specific accumulation patterns correlate with reproductive stages, where females exhibited higher OCP residue levels. Due to lifetime exposure, older individuals tend to accumulate higher levels of residues, while juveniles are also seemingly being exposed to contaminants through maternal transfer and immature detox metabolism. It was inferred that OCPs accumulated primarily in fat, liver, and bone marrow tissues. Seasonal variations are impacted by changes in fat reserves, temperature-dependent pesticide variations, and associated physiological factors. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers provide insights into varied exposure and metabolic conditions. This review highlights the need for standardized approaches to advance ecotoxicological research, including comprehensive environmental monitoring, adoption of ecological risk assessment, and novel techniques to mitigate the toxic impacts of pesticide residues on wildlife in general and artiodactyls of conservation significance specifically.