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<p>A 21-day chronic toxicity test investigated the long-term effects and mechanisms of lambda-cyhalothrin on <i>Daphnia magna</i> at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5&#xa0;µg/L). Significant adverse effects were observed at 0.5&#xa0;µg/L. Reproductive output was severely impacted, with the number of neonates in the first brood and total brood number both reduced to 47% of the control, and molting frequency declining to 62%. Body length was shortened to 66% of the control, while swimming speed and cumulative distance significantly decreased. Neurochemically, GABA, 5-HT, and DA levels dropped to 75%, 69%, and 71% of the control, respectively, contrasting with an elevation of Glu to 121%. The antioxidant system was compromised, showing suppressed activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH to 59%, 71%, and 53% of the control, alongside an increase in MDA to 134%. Furthermore, chitinase activity was inhibited to 75% of the control, accompanied by the downregulation of molting-related genes. This study demonstrates that chronic lambda-cyhalothrin exposure impairs <i>Daphnia magna</i> through the interconnected mechanisms of neurotransmitter disruption, oxidative stress, and molting inhibition, providing a mechanistic basis for ecological risk assessment.</p>

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Long-term exposure effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on Daphnia magna: multi-index analysis from antioxidant enzymes to neurotransmitters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Lu He,
  • Kai Wang,
  • Shanlei Wang,
  • Xiaoyu Liu

摘要

A 21-day chronic toxicity test investigated the long-term effects and mechanisms of lambda-cyhalothrin on Daphnia magna at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 µg/L). Significant adverse effects were observed at 0.5 µg/L. Reproductive output was severely impacted, with the number of neonates in the first brood and total brood number both reduced to 47% of the control, and molting frequency declining to 62%. Body length was shortened to 66% of the control, while swimming speed and cumulative distance significantly decreased. Neurochemically, GABA, 5-HT, and DA levels dropped to 75%, 69%, and 71% of the control, respectively, contrasting with an elevation of Glu to 121%. The antioxidant system was compromised, showing suppressed activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH to 59%, 71%, and 53% of the control, alongside an increase in MDA to 134%. Furthermore, chitinase activity was inhibited to 75% of the control, accompanied by the downregulation of molting-related genes. This study demonstrates that chronic lambda-cyhalothrin exposure impairs Daphnia magna through the interconnected mechanisms of neurotransmitter disruption, oxidative stress, and molting inhibition, providing a mechanistic basis for ecological risk assessment.