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<p>Excessive distribution of multiclass pesticides in the aquatic ecosystem presents a dire ecological challenge. This study simultaneously quantified the levels of multiclass pesticides in Ghanaian waterbodies and conducted source apportionments. Acute ecological risks were also assessed for three trophic levels in the aquatic ecosystem. Forty (40) water and sediment samples were collected from five waterbodies in Ghana. Water samples were extracted using a SPE-cartridge, whereas sediments were extracted using the QuEChERS-dSPE method. The extracts were analysed using GC-MS (SIM mode). Acute ecological risks were computed with the aid of USEPA-T.E.S.T software for <i>T. pyriformis</i> IGC50 (48&#xa0;h), <i>D. magna</i> LC50 (48&#xa0;h), and Fathead minnow LC50 (96&#xa0;h). Source apportionments were conducted using the APCS-AMLR receptor model. The mean total pesticide levels recorded ranged from 50,054 to 73914.0 ng/L and 3396–11,697 ng/g for water and sediment samples, respectively. High acute risk (RQ &gt; 1) to organisms at <i>D. magna</i> and fathead minnow trophic levels was recorded for at least one pesticide in both water and sediment samples from all the waterbodies. These culminated in a synergistically elevated total pesticide acute risk (∑RQ &gt; 1.0), suggesting that pesticide burden may have contributed to the decline in the population of fish and zooplankton species, as well as reduced biodiversity. Non-agricultural sources were found to be the major source of the pesticide burden, revealing a new paradigm of pesticide distribution in the Ghanaian aquatic environment. The precarious state of the waterbodies demands immediate control measures to curb the menace and protect fauna and flora.</p>

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Distribution paradigm, ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of multiclass pesticides in the aquatic environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Joseph K. Adjei,
  • Thomas Ahenguah,
  • Anita Asamoah,
  • John K. Bentum,
  • David K. Essumang

摘要

Excessive distribution of multiclass pesticides in the aquatic ecosystem presents a dire ecological challenge. This study simultaneously quantified the levels of multiclass pesticides in Ghanaian waterbodies and conducted source apportionments. Acute ecological risks were also assessed for three trophic levels in the aquatic ecosystem. Forty (40) water and sediment samples were collected from five waterbodies in Ghana. Water samples were extracted using a SPE-cartridge, whereas sediments were extracted using the QuEChERS-dSPE method. The extracts were analysed using GC-MS (SIM mode). Acute ecological risks were computed with the aid of USEPA-T.E.S.T software for T. pyriformis IGC50 (48 h), D. magna LC50 (48 h), and Fathead minnow LC50 (96 h). Source apportionments were conducted using the APCS-AMLR receptor model. The mean total pesticide levels recorded ranged from 50,054 to 73914.0 ng/L and 3396–11,697 ng/g for water and sediment samples, respectively. High acute risk (RQ > 1) to organisms at D. magna and fathead minnow trophic levels was recorded for at least one pesticide in both water and sediment samples from all the waterbodies. These culminated in a synergistically elevated total pesticide acute risk (∑RQ > 1.0), suggesting that pesticide burden may have contributed to the decline in the population of fish and zooplankton species, as well as reduced biodiversity. Non-agricultural sources were found to be the major source of the pesticide burden, revealing a new paradigm of pesticide distribution in the Ghanaian aquatic environment. The precarious state of the waterbodies demands immediate control measures to curb the menace and protect fauna and flora.