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<p>The accumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues is a complex process that involves multiple factors, including body size, age and condition. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the pathway of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in four species of Caspian Sea sturgeon fishes: <i>Acipenser persicus</i>, <i>A. guldenstadti</i>, <i>A. stellatus</i> and <i>Huso huso</i>. Body length (BL), body weight (BW), condition factor (CF) and age were used as exogenous variables to examine the relationships between these factors and metal accumulation. The BL had no significant effect on the transfer of heavy metals in these species but the BW, CF and age did have effects on metal transfer. The species with higher CFs had lower levels of Hg in their muscles. Additionally, CF and age had a positive relationship with Cd in <i>A. guldenstadti</i>, <i>A. stellatus</i> and <i>Huso huso</i>. The pathway of metal accumulation differed among species, with <i>A. persicus</i> having the smallest pathway and CF being the most important factor. For the other species, age and CF were the key factors influencing metal accumulation. This study highlighted the species-specific differences in metal accumulation pathways among the Caspian sturgeons, including the importance of biological variables in relation to the metal accumulation variation across the species. Also, the importance of biological variables in raltion to the metal accumulation varied across the species. Finally, this study demonstrates the utility of SEM in investigating the relationships between metal accumulation and biological factors in fish.</p>

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The pathway of toxic heavy metals in the Caspian sea sturgeons

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月9日

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  • Hadi Poorbagher,
  • Seyed Vali Hosseini,
  • Seyed Mehdi Hosseini

摘要

The accumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues is a complex process that involves multiple factors, including body size, age and condition. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the pathway of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in four species of Caspian Sea sturgeon fishes: Acipenser persicus, A. guldenstadti, A. stellatus and Huso huso. Body length (BL), body weight (BW), condition factor (CF) and age were used as exogenous variables to examine the relationships between these factors and metal accumulation. The BL had no significant effect on the transfer of heavy metals in these species but the BW, CF and age did have effects on metal transfer. The species with higher CFs had lower levels of Hg in their muscles. Additionally, CF and age had a positive relationship with Cd in A. guldenstadti, A. stellatus and Huso huso. The pathway of metal accumulation differed among species, with A. persicus having the smallest pathway and CF being the most important factor. For the other species, age and CF were the key factors influencing metal accumulation. This study highlighted the species-specific differences in metal accumulation pathways among the Caspian sturgeons, including the importance of biological variables in relation to the metal accumulation variation across the species. Also, the importance of biological variables in raltion to the metal accumulation varied across the species. Finally, this study demonstrates the utility of SEM in investigating the relationships between metal accumulation and biological factors in fish.